How does historical context help you better understand literature? Focus Question: How does historical context help you better understand literature?

Historical Context moods, attitudes, and conditions that existed at a certain time in history “setting” impacts your understanding of the story and its themes Examples: Literature – Life -

Industrial Revolution” A Christmas Carol Historical Context “Life During the Industrial Revolution”

When/Where? early 1800’s London, England “Victorian England” (___th c.) story first published in 1843 better farming -> population growth “Industrial Revolution” industrial = revolution =

Setting the Scene Your family used to be farmers in the country. Everything you need to survive you make at home. But new technology and laws are changing the way your family lives. Now you have moved to a crowded row house in the city so you and your parents can earn a living in a factory. You will need money to buy food and clothes you used to make/grow at home previously. What are some ways your family is going to have to adjust making a switch from country to city (urban) living?

What changes have caused your family to move to the city?

The Enclosure Movement Large areas of privately owned land for commercial farming – only works for the wealthy, pushed people to cities

New Inventions Power Loom -> cloth

New Inventions STEAM POWER Steam Ship Steam Engine Steam Locomotive Steam Tractor

What are the consequences of technology?

The Impact of the Railroad

Need for Additional Power Resources Children Coal Miners

Child Labor in the Mines Child “hurriers”

The Factory System Requires a lot of money to start. 12-14 hour day. Located in cities. Rigid schedule. 12-14 hour day. Dangerous conditions. Mind-numbing!

Textile Factory Workers in England

Children Factory Workers Factory Act 1833: 9-13 no more than 9 hours per day 14-18 no more than 12 hours per day

Factory Wages in Lancashire, 1830 Age of Worker Male Wages Female Wages under 11 2s 3d. 2s. 4d. 11 - 16 4s. 1d. 4s. 3d. 17 - 21 10s. 2d. 7s. 3d. 22 - 26 17s. 2d. 8s. 5d. 27 - 31 20s. 4d. 8s. 7d. 32 - 36 22s. 8d. 8s. 9d. 37 - 41 21s. 7d. 9s. 8d. 42 - 46 20s. 3d. 9s. 3d. 47 - 51 16s. 7d. 8s. 10d. 52 - 56 16s. 4d. 8s. 4d. 57 - 61 13s. 6d. 6s. 4d.

Living Conditions in Cities crowded apartments/row houses “Tenants” no running water or toilets no sewer systems disease was rampant Lifespans by Occupation: Doctors - 38 Lawyers - 38 Skilled workers - 20 Laborers (Factory Workers) - 17

Industrial Staffordshire

The New Industrial City

Worker Housing in Manchester

Factory Workers at Home

Changing Social Structure nobility power declining -> factory/business owners – “money makers” creates larger middle class huge working class developed (millions of unskilled workers) nobility business-men middle class working class

The “Haves” vs. "Have-Nots“ “HAVES” = bourgeoisie = nouveau riche = proletariat = poor, over-worked, destitute, “paupers”

19th c. Bourgeoisie: The Industrial Nouveau Riche

Stereotype of the Factory Owner

“Upstairs”/“Downstairs” Life

The Life of the New Urban Poor: A Dickensian Nightmare!

Responses to Industrialization

Poor Law 1834/Workhouses Intention: reduce cost of looking after poor take beggars off streets encourage poor people to work hard to support themselves Law: poor housed in “workhouses”, clothed, fed children received some schooling in return, all workhouse paupers “worked” several hours each day (4am to 10pm) Result: ‘Prisons for the Poor’ hated and feared, led to riots and charity organizations

Poor Law 1834 / Work Houses http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/1834-poor-law/

How does historical context help you better understand literature? Focus Question: How does historical context help you better understand literature? How do you think Charles Dickens will react to the changing times? Why “Christmas”? Relate to Government EQ: “How is power defined, used, and transferred?”

Student Note Pages Follow

A Christmas Carol Historical Context Name: Period: Date: *Keep this in your ENGLISH folder after today! The full PowerPoint is on the main page of Mrs. Schenck’s website.* A Christmas Carol Historical Context “Life During the Industrial Revolution”

How does historical context help you better understand literature? Focus Question: How does historical context help you better understand literature?

Historical Context moods, attitudes, and conditions that existed at a certain time in history “____________” impacts your understanding of the story and its ____________ Examples: Literature – Life -

When/Where? early _________’s London, England “Victorian England” (___th c.) story first published in ________ better farming -> ________________ “Industrial Revolution” industrial = revolution =

What changes are causing people to move to cities? ___________ Movement = New Inventions Examples: Need for Additional ____________ Resources Example: 5. The ___________ System

What problems did this cause for people new to the cities? Factory System What are some differences between factory work life and traditional farm work life? What problems did this cause for people new to the cities?

Living Conditions in Cities crowded apartments/row houses “tenants” = no running water or ___________ no ____________ systems disease was rampant Why do you think factory workers had such short life spans? (the average was 17 years!)

Changing Social Structure nobility power declining -> factory/business owners – “money makers” creates larger middle class huge working class developed (millions of unskilled workers)

The “Haves” and “Have-nots” bourgeoisie = nouveau riche = “HAVE NOTS” = proletariat = poor, over-worked, destitute, “paupers”

Poor Law 1834/Workhouses Intention: reduce cost of looking after poor ____________________________ encourage poor people to work hard to support themselves Law: poor housed in “workhouses”, clothed, fed children received some schooling in return, all workhouse paupers “worked” several hours each day (_________________) Result: ‘____________________________’ hated and feared, led to riots and charity organizations

How does historical context help you better understand literature? How do you think Charles Dickens will react to the changing times?

Why “Christmas”? Relate to Government EQ: “How is power defined, used, and transferred in 19th century England?”