Bell Ringer 05-04 1. Which of the blood cells contain hemoglobin? 2. What is the function of hemoglobin?

Bell Ringer 05-07 1. What is the number one killer of men and women in the world?

Bell Ringer 05-08 All arteries carry oxygenated blood except for which one? All veins carry deoxygenated blood except for which one? What is one function of the circulatory system?

Bell Ringer 05-09 1. Why is oxygen important to blood and to the cells?    A. Oxygen helps the blood to clot.    B. Oxygen brings food to the cells.    C. Oxygen is necessary for cell growth and energy.      D. Oxygen is not important – carbon dioxide is the most important substance to the body. 2. Which of the following can best be compared to soldiers?  A. Capillaries    B. Platelets  C. Red blood cells D. White blood cells

The Circulatory System The circulatory system includes the Heart, Blood Tissue and the Blood Vessels.

The Circulatory System-Transport The absorption and circulation of materials throughout an organism

What does the circulatory system do? (What is its function?) Delivers food and oxygen to body cells. Carries carbon dioxide and other waste products away from cells. Movement of materials into and out of cells occurs by diffusion (from an area of high concentration to low concentration– no energy required) Movement also occurs by active transport (from an area of low concentration to high– this requires energy)

** In general, the blood is a fluid tissue helping to maintain homeostasis for all cells in the body. Transport of needed substances to body cells. (oxygen, amino acids, glucose, fatty acids, glycerol, salts, etc.)

The heart functions as a double pump beating in unison. 1. Deoxygenated blood--relatively low in oxygen Oxygenated blood--relatively high in oxygen ** Heartbeat is stimulated by an electrochemical impulse. Pacemaker - in the right atrium - initiates the heartbeat

2. Transport of wastes from cells 2. Transport of wastes from cells. (urea, water, carbon dioxide in the form of the bicarbonate ion) 3. Helps to maintain a constant body temperature. 4. Aids the body in fighting disease.

The Human (Mammalian) Heart Structure 1. septum: muscular central wall dividing the mammalian heart into two halves 2. atria: thin walled upper heart chambers which receive blood pump blood to the ventricles 3. Ventricles: muscular thick walled chambers which pump blood from the heart -- the lower chambers 4. Valves - prevent the backward flow of blood in the heart

A = aorta F = left ventricle B = pulmonary arteries G = right ventricle C = pulmonary veins H = valve D = left atrium I = vena cavae E = valve J = right atrium

1. Inferior & superior vena cava 2. Right atrium 3. valve 4 1. Inferior & superior vena cava 2. Right atrium 3. valve 4. Right ventricle 5. valve 6. Pulmonary arteries (BLOOD TO THE LUNGS – GAS EXCHANGE) … 7. Pulmonary veins 8. Left Atrium 9. valve 10. Left ventricle 11. valve 12. Aorta

Blood Vessels 1. Arteries --carry blood away from the heart --usually spurt blood when cut --all except the pulmonary artery carry oxygenated blood --thick walled and elastic pulse: expansion and contraction of the artery walls in response to the heartbeat

Veins --carry blood toward the heart --contain valves --closer to the body surface than the arteries --all except the pulmonary vein carry deoxygenated blood --thinner, less muscular and elastic than arteries --depend upon muscle and diaphragm movements for blood flow

Capillaries --most numerous vessels --connect arteries to veins --microscopic, one cell thick walls --site of much exchange between the blood and the intracellular fluid (lymph) by diffusion

Lymph vessels -have walls one cell thick -present around all body cells -Lymph composition is similar to that of blood except for the absence of RBC and some plasma proteins. -chief site of material exchange with the tissues

Major lymph vessels have lymph nodes which contain phagocytic white blood cells which filter bacteria and dead cells from the lymph. X = lymph nodes Valves are present in some lymph vessels--aiding in the movement of the lymph. Respiratory movements also aid lymph flow.

Which Way Did it Go?

Blood Pressure

Causes of HBP implicated: 1. excess sodium intake 2. stress 3 Causes of HBP implicated: 1. excess sodium intake 2. stress 3. cigarettes (nicotine) 4. saturated fats 5. alcohol & caffeine 6. obesity 7. heredity & aging No cure--may be treated by medication & diet. "Silent killer"--millions don't know they have it

Blood Blood = a connective tissue made up of blood cells and a liquid called blood plasma. About 7 % of your body mass About 4.5- 5.6 Liters in an adult human Men = 5.6 Liters Women = 4.5 Liters Pregnant woman = 5.0 Liters The Functions of Blood Delivers: Picks Up: Nutrients - waste  kidneys Oxygen, Water, minerals - carbon dioxide  lungs Hormones and enzymes - heat  skin pollutants

The Parts of Blood Plasma =carries everything 2. Red Blood Cells =(RBC) gas exchange 3. White blood Cells =(WBC) fight infection 4. Platelets = clotting

Components of Blood

Blood Composition Plasma 55% (liquid part of the blood); Blood Cells 45%

55% plasma 45 % RBC, WBC and platelets

Plasma- nonliving Yellow liquid (92% H2O) 8 % nutrients, salts, urea, hormones Carries: RBC, WBC, Platelets, Carbon dioxide, food and waste

BLOOD CELL TYPES Red Blood Cells: most numerous biconcave disc shaped smaller than white blood cells, larger than platelets no nucleus when mature produced in the red marrow of long bones destroyed in the liver and spleen contain the iron protein compound HEMOGLOBIN whose chief function is to combine with oxygen and carry it to the cells

Red Blood Cells- living 5 million in 1 drop of blood (most common) Shape = donut Draw here: Made in bone marrow Live approximately 120-125 days Hemoglobin = oxygen containing pigment Binds to oxygen and carries it to the cells Gives red blood cells its red color

White blood cells- living AKA- Lymphocytes or Leukocytes White blood cells are larger than red blood cells, but there are less of them. 8000 in one drop of blood Function of White Blood Cells surround and digest bacteria Attack bacteria and viruses **Pus = WBC + dead bacteria YouTube - White Blood Cell Chases Bacteria

White Blood cells --largest blood cells--several different types --about 8,000 per drop of blood --most are formed in the bone marrow or in the lymph tissue --most protect the body against diseases by forming antibodies or engulfing bacteria

Main White Blood Cell Types Phagocytes-- engulf bacteria and viruses by phagocytosis --able to leave the bloodstream and move between the cells of the body by squeezing through the capillary walls

2. Lymphocytes--produce antibodies which clump bacterial poisons or bacteria (antigens) (antigens--foreign substances in the body)

Platelets- living Bits of cells Live for approximately 10 days Function of Platelets creates fibrin = enzyme that helps clot blood (tiny threads seal cuts)

3. Platelets --smallest blood cells (fragments) --150,000 to 300,000 per drop of blood --needed for clotting

Clotting: Involves a series of enzyme controlled reactions resulting in the formation of protein fibers that trap blood cells and form a clot.

Pacemaker- Uses electrical impulses from wire leads inserted into the Heart. Keeps the Heart in perfect rhythm.

Diseases and Disorders of the Circulatory System Myocardial Infarction- heart attack Hypertension- high blood pressure Hypotension- low blood pressure Stroke- clot in the brain Angina Pectoris- severe pain in chest Sickle Cell Anemia- sickle shaped rbc’s Pernicious Anemia- very low rbc count MVP- prolapsed mitral valve Pericarditis- inflammation of outer membrane covering the heart Leukemia- cancer of the blood, elevated wbc count Varicose veins- enlargement of veins Arrhythmias- irregularities in heart rhythm Endocarditis- inflammation of inner lining of heart Cardiomyopathy- weakening of the heart muscle Hemophilia- no clotting factor in the blood Thalassemia- low rbc count, genetic, low hemoglobin count

Life of a Blood Cell Imagine that you are one of themajor types of blood cells (rbc, wbc, platelets). Write a story or make a comic from your perspective (in 1st person) that describes your journey throughout the body. Be sure to include the names of the body parts you travel to/through as well as any special tasks you must perform within the body. Use your notes and book to help you Grade is based on accuracy of content and creativity