Exploration and Early Colonization Era

WHY HISTORIANS DIVIDE THE PAST INTO ERAS Historians divide the past into eras in order to examine how political, economic, geographic and social patterns change over time. Era- Period of time.

Unit 2 Important People/Events Christopher Columbus Hernan Cortes Montezuma (Moctezuma II) Alonso Alvarez De Pineda Panfilo de Narvaez Narvaez Expedition Alvar Nunez Cabeza De Vaca Estevanico Francisco Vasquez De Coronado Cibola

I. Europe Eyes the Americas A. Spain Expands Its Influence 1. Christopher Columbus sailed from Spain in 1492 to find a faster trade ROUTE to Asia. 2. King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella FINANCED his expeditions - 4 in all.

In Fourteen Hundred Ninety Two, Columbus Sailed the Ocean Blue!!

COLUMBUS’S FOUR VOYAGES

II. Spanish Explorers Come to Texas B. Spain Established Colonies 1. From 1492 until 1519 Spain concentrated on establishing colonies in the West Indies. 2. Conquistador – Spanish explorer who searched for wealth and land a. Could gain personal wealth & prestige by conquering an area.

SPANISH EXPLORERS In Texas: 1519–1598

C. Reasons for Exploration: 1. Can be summed up with the phrase: “Gold, God, and Glory” Search for a quicker route to Asia to facilitate the spice trade. Competition had increased between the empires of Spain, Portugal, France and England.

Cortés and his army sail to what is now Mexico. 1519 Cortés and his army sail to what is now Mexico. Short-Term Effects Long-Term Effects conquered the Aztec Empire killed or enslaved many Aztecs gained for Spain the Aztecs’ wealth and land built Mexico City on top of the ruins of Tenochtitlán, which became the capital of New Spain increased the empire and wealth of Spain increased Spain’s power established Mexico as a base from which Spain could launch explorations expanded Spain’s American empire, which covered much of North and South America by 1600

II. Spanish Explorers in Texas

Alonzo Alvarez de Pineda 1. Was the 1st European to see the Texas coast. (1519) 2. Made the 1st map of the gulf coast

1519 1519 1519 Alonso Álvarez de Pineda sailed He and his crew settled near He is best known for mapping from Jamaica into the Gulf of Mexico. the Pánuco River near American Indian villages. the northern Gulf of Mexico, including Texas.

Pineda’s Map

B. Hernando Cortes Conquers Mexico 1. In 1519, Cortes was sent by the governor of Cuba to explore the America’s. 2. Cortes gained control of Mexico by defeating the Aztecs under Montezuma. 3. The gold & riches Cortes brought back to Spain made the Spanish more eager to explore New Spain.

Narvaez Expedition - 1526 Led by Panfilo de Narvaez Landed in Florida and split in half. Shipwrecks near Galveston bay 80 survivors including Cabeza de Vaca and Estevanico

Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca 1. Cabeza de Vaca was one of 80 survivors of the Narvaez expedition shipwrecked on Galveston Bay. They were the 1st Europeans to set foot in Texas. 3. He lived with the Karankawas for 6 years as a slave and healer.

Narvaez Expedition Continued. One of the 4 was a slave named Esteban (Estavanico). He was the 1st African to set foot in Texas.

Cabeza de Vaca

The Search for Cibola Francisco Coronado – 1540, sent North from Mexico to look for Cibola. Followed a Native, El Turco, across the Texas Panhandle, went up to Kansas, to Quivera, and claimed all the land for Spain.

I. The Search for Cibola Cont. 1. Hernando de Soto – 1539, led second expedition to look for Cibola, beginning in Florida across the Southern U.S. to discover the Mississippi River.

Summarize this slide in your own words!!!

SPANISH EXPLORATION IN TEXAS Effects on American Indians Effects on Spain Effects on American Indians established a claim to Texas gained knowledge about land and people of Texas gained new plants and animals from the Americas gained a buffer zone between Spanish settlement and American Indians/Europeans to the north lost equine military advantage conflict with Texas Indians gained new plants and animals from Europe, such as horses rise of a Plains Indian horse culture Plains Indians’ fighting and hunting abilities increased by horses many Texas Indian deaths from European diseases conflict with the Spanish

D. Columbian Exchange (Great Exchange) 1. Exchange of goods between Europe, Asia and the Americas.

E. Examples of items exchanged 1. Horses were brought to the Americas by the explorers. a. They changed the way of life for the Plains Indians. 2. Intro of corn, potatoes, sugar & cotton from America to other continents changed lives around the world. 3. Diseases were introduced to the Americas by the Spanish explorers, decimating the Native population.

III. The French Explore Texas A. France Shows Interest in the Gulf A French explorer, Rene Robert Cavelier Sieur de La Salle (Robert la Salle), travelled the Mississippi River, claiming all the lands it reached for France. 2. He named the land “Louisiana” after the king of France.

3. He convinced King Louis &. Queen Anne to let him return to 3. He convinced King Louis & Queen Anne to let him return to the new land and establish a French colony. 4. La Salle went back to America in 1684, looking for the mouth of the Mississippi but he landed at Matagorda Bay instead of the Mississippi. 6. He established Ft. St. Louis- 1st French colony in Texas.

B. Ft. St. Louis was unsuccessful. and French exploration in the B. Ft. St. Louis was unsuccessful and French exploration in the Americas ended. C. However, Spain saw a threat to it’s hold in the New World and then began colonizing again.

FRENCH AND SPANISH CLAIMS ON NORTH AMERICA, 1682–1688

Chapter Summary Europe Eyes the Americas The French Explore Texas Columbus came to the New World looking for gold and a new trade route to Asia. Although he found neither, his four voyages inspired others to seek their fortunes in the Americas. Europe Eyes the Americas Spain’s claims on Texas lands prompted France to establish a colony of its own. Although La Salle’s Texas colony did not survive, France’s presence renewed Spain’s interest in settling Texas. The French Explore Texas Following Columbus’s lead, Spain established colonies in the Caribbean and Mexico. Reports of riches drew the explorers north to Texas where they established a successful mission. Spanish Explorers Come to Texas

1. This Italian sailor believed he could reach Asia by sailing west across the Atlantic. a. Juan de Oñate b. Christopher Columbus c. Hernando de Soto 2. This term refers to (describes) Spanish soldiers and adventurers (people looking for riches). a. conquistadores b. mustangs c. Epidemics 3. This Spanish soldier and his men conquered (took over by force) the Aztec Empire. a. Hernán Cortés b. Fray Marcos de Niza c. Pánfilo de Narváez 4. This Spanish explorer (person who travels around to get riches or knowledge) and his crew were the first people to see the Texas coast. a. Hernando de Soto b. Alonso Álvarez de Pineda c. Juan de Oñate 5. This Spanish explorer (person who travels around to get riches or knowledge) searched for gold in Apalachee but found none. a. Christopher Columbus b. Luis de Moscoso Alvarado c. Pánfilo de Narváez