Carbon based molecules Macromolecules Carbon based molecules

4 types of macromolecules Carbohydrates (p. 46) Lipids (p. 46) Proteins (p. 47) Nucleic Acids (p. 230)

Monomers & Polymers Monomer = individual subunit (mono = one) Polymer = many monomers together (poly = many)

Carbohydrates (p. 46) Polymer (starch) Polymer (cellulose) Starch is a polymer of glucose monomers that often has a branched structure. Polymer (cellulose) Cellulose is a polymer of glucose monomers that has a straight, rigid structure monomer

Lipids (p. 46)

Proteins (p. 47)

Nucleic Acids (p. 230) nitrogen-containing molecule, called a base A phosphate group nitrogen-containing molecule, called a base deoxyribose (sugar)

Carbohydrates Notice its rings and how it is branched

Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen rings (1:2:1 ratio; ex: C6H12O6) Function: Broken down to provide quick energy for your body Includes sugars and starches Examples are : vegetables, fruits, sugar

Carbohydrates Monosaccharide – simple sugars; fructose & glucose There are 3 types: Monosaccharide – simple sugars; fructose & glucose Disaccharides – 2+ monosaccharides; sucrose Polysaccharides – starches, glycogen, and cellulose (celery)

Polymer (starch) Polymer (cellulose) Starch is a polymer of glucose monomers that often has a branched structure. Polymer (cellulose) Cellulose is a polymer of glucose monomers that has a straight, rigid structure monomer

Lipids Notice the long chains and double bonds

Lipids Nonpolar Include fats, steroids, hormones, waxes, and cholesterol Contain chains of carbon bonded to oxygen and hydrogen atoms Functions: Very necessary for your body since they give you long term energy storage. Make up the cell membrane (phospholipids) Used to make hormones

Lipids

Phospholipid

Lipids Saturated fats have single bonds and break easy (butter) Unsaturated fats have double bonds and your body has a hard time processing them (olive oil)

Proteins Notice there is nitrogen in the protein structure

Proteins THE most important macromolecule for building your body!! (Tools of your body) Everything on your natural body is a protein (skin, hair) Made of amino acids (20 total; your body can make 12 of them; the rest is from food) Meats, beans, nuts, eggs Enzymes are proteins Enables digestion Even your blood is a protein

Nucleic Acids Notice that nucleic acids contain nitrogen rings and phosphates A phosphate group nitrogen-containing molecule, called a base deoxyribose (sugar)

Nucleic Acids Made of nucleotides Function: contain the instructions to build protein in your body Genetic information Examples: DNA and RNA DNA RNA