Learning Objectives: The Globe Regions of the World Awareness of the Middle East Ancient times Importance of the Arabian Gulf (AG) The power of oil Iraq: Oil, democracy, voting US Navy activities in the A.G.

The Globe LaPine, OR 43.7°N, 121.5° W

The Prime Meridian 0 degrees longitude West East Greenwich, England

Regions of the world “Near East” “Far East” “The west” “Middle East”

Modern Day Middle East US Navy base Manama, Bahrain Horn of Africa

Christian event: Garden of Eden Tigris & Euphrates rivers

Persians - dominated the region. - Began in Iran - 6th century

Which is correct? “Arabian Gulf” “Persian Gulf”

“Arabian Gulf” is preferred by modern day inhabitants. “Persia” refers to exclusively the Iranian past. “Arabian” is more inclusive of modern states around the Gulf. Modern day Arabs are not necessarily proud of the bloody, brutal domination by the Persians of the past.

Arabian Gulf Iran Saudi Arabia Oman UAE Strait of Hormuz Qatar Bahrain (Large US Navy base) Qatar Gulf of Oman UAE Saudi Arabia Oman

Strait of Hormuz 20% of the worlds oil flows through this strait Iran has threatened to place mines in the strait (and shut down all shipping) US Navy keeps the strait open with continuous power projection Bandar Abbas has Iranian aircraft and high speed vessels. If the straits were closed (even for a few days), gas prices would quickly rise. (This would impact everyone here in LaPine!!)

Kingdom of Bahrain Sea Story ! Friends of USA US Navy Base Most “western” of Arab States Rich from oil profits and gold Sea Story ! (Small boat during Ramadan)

Manama (Capital of) Bahrain

Middle East Oil

United States

Oil dominates trade in the Middle East. Oil Tankers Oil Rigs Oil Pipelines Oil Refineries Oil dominates trade in the Middle East.

Oil trade routes from the Arabian Gulf westward to the Suez Canal Jordan Iraq Kuwait Suez Canal Iran Pakistan Persian Gulf Egypt Gulf of Oman Saudi Arabia Oman Red Sea Sudan Arabian Sea Eritrea Yemen Indian Ocean Gulf of Aden Ethiopia Somalia

Iraq - oil and gas Oil pipeline - 10% of the worlds oil comes from southeastern Iraq. - Iraq owns 2 oil terminal in the northern Arabian Gulf for tankers to receive oil. - Oil export profits “saved” Iraq from economic ruin after Saddam Hussein was removed. Oil profits shared with ALL Iraqi citizens after Democracy was put in place. Iraq has to IMPORT most of it’s gasoline despite EXPORTING crude oil…why?

Al Basrah oil terminal (ABOT) Owned by Iraq https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRDGqzM1o0Y

Oil – discussion questions Is it in our national interest to protect the oil flow coming to America from the Middle East? What (or who) could cut off the flow of tankers out of the Arabian Gulf? What are ways that Americans can reduce the dependence on oil from the Middle East? Is it “right” to fight a war and lose American lives if part of the reason is to protect the flow of oil to America from the Middle East?

US Navy missions in the Gulf 1. Project power 2. Guard Oil platforms 3. Promote allies and friendships 4. Keep trade open 5. Humanitarian Assistance 6. Be ready for…

90,000 tons of diplomacy

US Navy numbered fleets

Globe & Middle East Testable material On our globe, the dividing line between east and west is the _____________________________ In terms of east and west the USA in in the _____________ Middle east friendly countries _________________________ __________________________________________________ Middle east unfriendly countries________________________ US Navy base in what country?_________________________ Chokepoint is Strait of ________________________________ What export helped Iraq’s economy recover? ______________ Iraq exports its oil through 2 ___________________ What is the preferred name of the gulf? A. Arabian Gulf B. Persian Gulf What military force keeps the gulf peaceful and open for trade? What 6th century Army dominated the middle east region ______________ The land between the Tigris & Euphrates rivers is known as ________________________________