3.6 Constructions in English Construction grammar argues that there is no principled divide between lexicon and rules and language is a repertoire of more or less complex pattern---constructions--- that integrate form and meaning in conventionalized and often non-compositional ways. Form in constructions may refer to any combination of syntactic, morphological or prosodic patterns. Meaning is understood in a broad sense that includes all we intend to communicate.

3.4 Constructions in English The constructional view does not assume that certain forms are more “basis” than others, but treats all types of expressions as equally central to capturing grammatical patterning.

3.6 Categories of Constructions a. Jane gave John an apple (ditransitive C. ) b. Jane gave an apple to John. (dative C.（格结构 ) c. It was Jane that John saw. (It-cleft C.) d. Jane, John saw her. ( left dilocation C.) e. Jane John saw. ( topicalization C.) f. Jane kissed John unconscious. (resultative C.)

Practice Analyze the morphemic structure of the English words gentlemanliness and undesriable, using a labeled tree diagram to illustrate the morphemic structure of the word under analysis. (1) gentlemanliness (2) undesirable