Conditionals (Pogodbene rečenice)

What are conditionals? Pogodbene rečenice u engleskom jeziku nazivamo conditional sentences ili if – clauses. To je vrsta zavisno-složenih rečenica, koje su sastavni dio hrvatskog, ali i engleskog jezika. Sastoje se od zavisne rečenice koja izražava uvjet i započinje sa if ili unless (if..not, except if), when, in case. Drugi dio čini glavna rečenica koja izražava rezultat, odnosno posljedicu ispunjenja uvjeta. Dakle, koristimo ih za prikaz radnje koja se može izvršiti ili dogoditi ukoliko se ispuni određeni uvjet.

Order of clauses Zavisna rečenica (if-clause) može stajati ispred ili iza glavne rečenice (main clause): If you want to learn more about conditional sentences, please read this article. Please read this article if you want to learn more about conditional sentences.  * Comma is used when if-clause comes before the main clause.

Conditionals express: No conditions – ZERO CONDITIONAL Possible conditions – FIRST CONDITIONAL Improbable conditions – SECOND CONDITIONAL Impossible conditions – THIRD CONDITIONAL

Zero conditional To express a rule, something that's always true One thing always follows automatically from another If you heat iron, it expands. (Ako zagrijavaš željezo, ono se širi.) If + present, present Translation: Ako + prezent, prezent

First conditional A future situation that is possible A) predictions, warnings, threats If it rains, we will not (or shorter won't) go out. (Ako pada kiša, nećemo ići van.) If + present (simple, continuous, perfect), will (other modals: may, might, can)+ infinitive Translation: Ako + prezent, futur

First conditional B) instructions If you drink, dont drive! (Ako piješ, ne vozi!) If you're going out, take your key. (Ako ideš van, uzmi svoj ključ.) If +present (simple, continuous, perfect), imperative Translation: Ako + prezent, imperativ

Second conditional A present situation that is impossible/imaginary A future situation that is unlikely to happen (improbable) - theoretical possibility, advice If I were you, I would (or shorter 'd) study harder. (Da sam ja ti, učio bih više.) advice If we stayed in a hotel, it would be expensive. (Da ostanemo u hotelu, bilo bi skupo.) If + past (simple, continuous), would (other modals: might, could) + infinitive Translation: Da + prezent, kondicional sadašnji

Third conditional Refers to the past! Impossible condition - something has already happened and we cannot change the result To express regrets about the past, to criticise people and point out their mistakes If we had gone (’d gone) earlier, we would have had (’d have had) better weather. (Da smo (bili) krenuli ranije, bili bismo imali bolje vrijeme.)

Third conditional If I hadn't fallen ill and missed the interview, I might have got the job. (Da se nisam (bio) razbolio i propustio intervju, bio bih dobio posao.) If + Past Perfect, would (other modals: might, could) + have + past participle Translation: Da + perfekt, kondicional prošli

Might /could have done Express possibilities in the past that didn’t happen: Thank goodness you went to hospital. You could have died. Can also express criticism: You might have told me it was her birthday!

Should have done Expresses advice for a past situation, but the advice is too late! You should have apologized. He wouldn’t have been so angry. Can express criticism: You should have asked me before you borrowed my car.

Complete zero conditional sentences: 1 If you (not study) ___________hard, you (not be) ________a good student. 2 If it (rain)___________, you (get)___________ wet. 3 If you (mix) __________red and yellow, you (get) ___________orange.

Complete 1st conditional sentences: 1 If I (do) ___________this test, I (improve) _______________my English. 2 If you (find) ___________my ring, please (give) _________ it back to me. 3 Unless it (rain) ______________tomorrow, I (have to) ___________water the plants.

Complete 2nd conditional sentences: 1 I _________________ (try) harder if I _________________ (be) you. 2 If Nick ______ (not call) you, I'm sure you _________ (be) disappointed. 3 Students ____________ (apologize) if they ____________ (oversleep).

Complete 3rd conditional sentences: 1 If you ____________ (be) there, you _______________ (be) scared, too. 2 You _____ (see) Barry at the party last night if you ______ (arrive) earlier. 3 Tom _____________ (not meet) Sally if he _________(miss) the concert.