Origin & Diversification of Eukaryotes Created by Educational Technology Network. www.edtechnetwork.com 2009

Endosymbiosis Multicellularity Supergroups Ecology & Humans Connect the Ideas 10 10 10 10 10 20 20 20 20 20 30 30 30 30 30 40 40 40 40 40

Endosymbiosis – 10 Points QUESTION: Name two organelles that endosymbiosis pertains to. ANSWER: Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

Endosymbiosis– 20 Points QUESTION: Which of the following does not support the endosymbiotic theory? Mitochondria have: Enzyme transport systems homologous to that of a prokaryote DNA that is linked to the nuclear DNA of the eukaryote own DNA and system (ribosomes) to transcribe and translate it Ribosomes more similar to prokaryotes than eukaryotes ANSWER: B - DNA that is linked to the nuclear DNA of the eukaryote

Endosymbiosis– 30 Points QUESTION: True or False? Secondary endosymbiosis is the process in which a heterotrophic eukaryotic cell engulfed a photosynthetic eukaryotic cell. ANSWER: True

Endosymbiosis– 40 Points QUESTION: DNA sequence data suggest that eukaryotes are __________ organisms. Complex Multifaceted Compartmental Combination ANSWER: D) Combination

Multicellularity – 10 Points QUESTION: True or False: Multicellularity has only originated one time. ANSWER: False

Multicellularity – 20 Points QUESTION: The first multicellular forms were ______________, collections of cells that are connected to one another but show little or no cellular differentiation. Colonies Pods Organisms Prokaryotic Packs ANSWER: a) Colonies

Multicellularity – 30 Points QUESTION: Virtually all specialized cells of multicellular organisms: A) develop through mutation from less specialized cells of the organism. B) contain more genetic material than less specialized cells of the same organism. C) contain less genetic material than less specialized cells of the same organism. D)have the same amount of DNA and the same number of chromosomes as all other cells of the organism.  ANSWER: D) have the same amount of DNA and the same number of chromosomes as all other cells of the organism. 

Multicellularity – 40 Points QUESTION: Does genetic analysis suggest that a transition to multicellularity required the origin of a large number of novel genes or changes in how existing genes are used? ANSWER: Multicellularity resulted from changes in how existing genes are used.

Supergroups – 10 Points QUESTION: ANSWER: Stramenopiles, alveolates, and rhizarians make up which supergroup? ANSWER: “SAR” Clade

Supergroups – 20 Points QUESTION: ANSWER: True or False: The root of the eukaryotic tree is known. ANSWER: False

Supergroups – 30 Points QUESTION: ANSWER: Tracing of the occurrence of a rare evolutionary event suggests the _______________ were the first eukaryotes to diverge from other eukaryotes. ANSWER: Unikonts

Supergroups – 40 Points QUESTION: ANSWER: Are most organisms in the eukaryotic supergroups multicellular or unicellular? ANSWER: Unicellular

Ecology and Humans – 10 Points QUESTION: True or False? Unicellular protists are complex organisms that use subcellular organelles to accomplish biological tasks. ANSWER: True

Ecology and Humans – 20 Points QUESTION: ___________________ are a group of alveolates that includes protists which cause serious human diseases such as malaria. ANSWER: Apicomplexans

Ecology and Humans – 30 Points QUESTION: How does the parasite enter the human host? ANSWER: Sporozytes

Ecology and Humans – 40 Points QUESTION: Why do factors affecting producers hold such great impact on the other species of the community? ANSWER: They are at the base of the food web.

Making Connections – 10 Points QUESTION: Most fungus go through meiosis in which timing pattern? ANSWER: Alternation of Generations

Making Connections – 20 Points QUESTION: Double Jeopardy! Free 20 pts… if you go study the other chapters and make connections. ANSWER: 

Making Connections – 30 Points QUESTION: Biologists think that endosymbiosis gave rise to mitochondria before plastids partly because… Products of photosynthesis could not be metabolized without mitochondrial enzymes All eukaryotes have mitochondria, but not all have plastids Mitochondrial DNA is less similar to prokaryotic DNA than is plastid DNA Without Carbon Dioxide production, photosynthesis could not occur ANSWER: b) All eukaryotes have mitochondria, but not all have plastids

Making Connections – 40 Points QUESTION: How does the endosymbiotic theory relate to natural selection? ANSWER: When the host engulfed a chloroplast or mitochondria, it was situated in a world that was becoming increasingly aerobic. It found that endosymbiosis allowed it to make use of oxygen, which subsequently proved to be a beneficial adaptation.