Trends in Human Genetics and Molecular Biology Koh Chong Lek Head, Research Business Unit, HIR, UM

Interactive session on a number of topics – your participation A fruitful session of benefits to you

Structure and function Individual Growth/Development Systems Differentiation Organs Tissues Regulation Cells Structure and function

Basic + applied Evolution Individual Horizontal Systems Organs Tissues Environment Cells Interaction Vertical Phylogeny Offspring Basic + applied Evolution

Possibilities Exciting time Cutting edge, innovative technologies + Ideas Possibilities

1973: Molecular cloning Genetic engineering 1975: Sanger dideoxy chain termination and elongation method 1983: PCR, the polymerase chain reaction 2000: More creative at sequencing DNA at micro and nano levels Next-Generation Sequencing

Transcriptome, transcriptomics Advances in molecular and biochemical techniques and bioinformatics: New “omes” and “omics” began to appear in the English language Genome, genomics Proteome, proteomics Transcriptome, transcriptomics

Metagenomics, epigenomics, immunoproteomics, metabolomics, interactomics, metallomics, metalloproteomics, phenomics, nutrigenomics, pharmacogenomics, toxicogenomics, ecogenomics, microbiomics, herbomics, etc.

OBDA Omics Big Data Analytics

BDA Big Data Analytics Skills: Programming Languages Statistical and Quantitative Analysis Data Mining, etc

CRISPR

CRISPR/Cas Genome or gene editing Gene repair 1987 – 2002 – 2012 “clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats”

Precision medicine Personalised medicine PM Precision medicine Personalised medicine

Structure and function Stem cell research & therapy Individual Growth/Development Systems Differentiation Organs Tissues Regulation Cells Structure and function Stem cell research & therapy

http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol291/issue5507/ 15.2.2001 16.2.2001

Ethical, legal, social, moral, economic, political issues of genetic research Scientific advances outpace legislation, policy Privacy & fair use of genetic information: genetic discrimination owing to inappropriate access to, and use of, private genetic information – abuse, job, insurance, who should know Clinical integration of genetic technologies Research ethics Ownership rights, patents

Ethical, legal, social, moral, economic, political issues of genetic research Reproductive rights: eugenics Genetic enhancement: eugenics Good health, long life: youth? ageing? Geriatric society

Y are oung

curious creative daring humble passionate Be

Don’t be afraid of failure & asking “Stay hungry, Stay foolish” Don’t be afraid of failure & asking

http://www.molecularfrontiers.org/inquiry-prize http://www.moleclues.org/ask-win http://moleclues.org/previous-winners 5 boys and 5 girls (up to 17 years old) will win a medal, a certificate and an iPad

Dr. Wu Lien Teh 伍連德 1879 – 21.1.1960 plague fighter 1910, ended the large pneumonic plague pandemic of Manchuria and Mongolia which ultimately claimed 60,000 victims

Dr. Wu Lien Teh 伍連德 1879 – 21.1.1960 plague fighter The first Malayan nominated to receive a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1935

Good luck & Thank you!