Eating Well Unit 9B –

Balanced Diet Definition: “A diet that contains the proper proportions of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water necessary to maintain good health.” www.dictionary.com/browse/balanced-diet

What is missing from this diet?

Deficiency Disease When we do not eat enough of a particular nutrient. Name some deficiency diseases

Examples: Scurvy Anemia Rickets Kwashiorkor Osteoporosis

Anemia

Scurvy

Rickets

Kwashiorkor

Osteoporosis

Why do you need fiber? Known as roughage. Parts of a plant that we cannot digest. Not absorbed like other nutrients Helps keep water in undigested food Link between fiber and bowel cancer

Plan a family menu for a) Teenage girl b) Her father, who wants to boost fiber in his diet. Food Fat (g/100g) Protein (g/100g) Calcium (mg/ 100g) Milk 3.8 3.3 120 Yoghurt 0.3 1.4 180 Cheese 33.5 26.0 800 Eggs 10.9 12.3 52 Beef 22.0 17.1 8 Chicken 17.7 17.6 3 Fish 0.2 17.4 16

We need 1. 1 g of calcium each day We need 1.1 g of calcium each day. Explain why children benefit from eating cheese but adults on a diet avoid it. (1mg = 1/1000g) Food Fat (g/100g) Protein (g/100g) Calcium (mg/ 100g) Milk 3.8 3.3 120 Yoghurt 0.3 1.4 180 Cheese 33.5 26.0 800 Eggs 10.9 12.3 52 Beef 22.0 17.1 8 Chicken 17.7 17.6 3 Fish 0.2 17.4 16

Malnutrition Definition: Lack of proper nutrition. Causes deficiency diseases. Caused by not getting enough food Caused by eating too much

Malnutrition leads to Health Problems Underfed children grow more slowly More likely to suffer or die from infectious diseases and parasites like worms Eating too much can lead to obesity Obesity leads to other problems (heart attack or diabetes)

Eating Disorders Anorexia Bulimia

Review Questions Which organ is damages if you do not eat enough fiber? Explain how a bad diet can cause obesity. People without enough vitamin D develop which disease? How does a shortage of Vitamin D cause soft bones?

Unhealthy Hearts If your heart does not do it’s job, you will accumulate harmful wastes in your body. Why?

Coronary Heart Disease On one page What is coronary heart disease? How do you get it? How can you prevent it?

Unhealthy Circulation High blood pressure Hearts have to work harder Atherosclerosis Fatty material deposits on arteries Coronary thrombosis Clots blood going into heart

Blood clotting Arteries have smooth walls Atherosclerosis – roughens the surface

Blood Clotting Draw how it happens

How lifestyle affects the heart Poor Diet Lack of exercise Stress Smoking Poor diet – obesity heart works harder Exercise – helps keep weight off Stress – raises blood pressure

Smoking and Breathing Gas exchange Lungs take in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide Takes place in alveoli (small air sacs) Cigarette smoke Very hot gas Contains harmful substances

Lung Diagram Sinus cavity Epiglotis Trachea Pharynx Bronchi Bronchial Alveoli

Smoking and Breathing Hot Gases Affect ciliated cells lining the airways Dust and microbes get trapped by mucus in airways In healthy lungs – cilia sweep mucus and trapped debris to mouth where it is swallowed

Smokers cough – trying to constantly get rid of mucus Hot gas paralyze cilia Mucus builds-up and clogs bronchioles Trapped bacteria and viruses have a better chance of starting an infection Smokers cough – trying to constantly get rid of mucus

Smoking – Harmful Chemicals What are some harmful chemicals?

Smoking – Harmful Chemicals Carbon particles – cause coughing and cancer Tar – causes cancer Nicotine - addicting

Summary Questions Name two harmful substances in cigarette smoke. Explain how each is harmful. Give the scientific names for the wind pipe, air sacs, and voice box Explain how ciliated cells protect us from infection. Why do people find it hard to quit smoking?