— a VO test case? The Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey A deep, multi-wavelength public survey to study the formation and evolution of galaxies and AGN Bob Fosbury on behalf of the GOODS teams STScI/ESO/ST-ECF/JPL/SSC/Gemini/Boston U./U. Ariz./ U. Fla./UCLA/UCSC/IAP/Saclay/Yale/AUI See: www.stsci.edu/science/goods/ www.eso.org/science/goods/ 10 June 2002 GOODS & IVO

What is GOODS? An orchestration of limiting observations of the HDF-N and the CDF-S regions (~ 300 square arcmin in total) with the most powerful telescopes over the widest wavelength range 30 times larger solid angle than HDF-N + HDF-S Based on large programmes with SIRTF, HST, Chandra, Newton, VLT etc. Producing datasets and derived products for the public domain 10 June 2002 GOODS & IVO

Primary science goals The mass assembly history of galaxies Tracking the formation of the Hubble sequence Census of energetic output from star formation and supermassive black holes Measurements or limits on the discrete source component of the extragalactic background light (EBL) Discovery of high-z supernovæ to explore the cosmic expansion 10 June 2002 GOODS & IVO

Science #1 The mass assembly of galaxies Aims: Goal: to measure distribution function of stellar mass and star formation rates -> assembly via quiescent star formation, starbursts & mergers IRAC observes restframe near-IR at high redshift, providing the best photometric measure of total stellar content Aims: Reach ~1 mag fainter than L* at z ~ 3 Reach ~L* at z ~ 5 Provide correspondingly deep optical to near-IR data for SEDs, phot-z’s, M/L Extensive spectroscopy to measure z’s, spectral properties, calibrate phot-z’s 10 June 2002 GOODS & IVO

Science #2 Supermassive black holes in AGN contribute to ‘energy budget’ at high z may (re)ionize the IGM may be an integral component of galaxy formation and evolution Connection to bulge mass & evolution Fueling through interactions/mergers Relation to starbursts/ULIRGs Seeds of early galaxy formation ? Census of high redshift AGN hampered by lack of knowledge of population of obscured ‘type 2’ objects, especially at high z Obscured AGN detectable in hard X-rays (Chandra, XMM-Newton) and (sometimes) radio Dust-absorbed radiation is re-emitted at mid- and far-IR wavelengths 10 June 2002 GOODS & IVO

Starburst/AGN discrimination Using broad-waveband SED and orientation to identify ‘ordinary’ AGN (obscured & unobscured) at the ‘QSO epoch’ (z > 2) 10 June 2002 GOODS & IVO

Science #3 The Extragalactic Background Light EBL provides an integral record of emission, absorption and re-radiation of photons over cosmic history Backgrounds may consist of discrete, cosmologically distributed sources + a possible diffuse/isotropic component Goals: Faint source counts and P(D) at 3–24 mm Provide best measure of discrete source component to EBL (lower limit) Compare to other measures of total EBL (COBE/DIRBE, IRTS, g-ray limits) GOODS 10 June 2002 GOODS & IVO

Science #4 High z supernova search Hubble ACS observations designed (time sequence of z-band exposures) to find ~12 Type 1 supernovæ 1.2<z<1.8 Critical epoch for exploring the dynamics of the cosmic expansion Hubble time allocated to follow 6 SNe P70 FORS2 proposal for spectroscopy of 3 SNe in CDF-S 10 June 2002 GOODS & IVO

GOODS sensitivity 10 June 2002 GOODS & IVO

Major components SIRTF Legacy Hubble Treasury ESO Large Program PI: M Dickinson STScI 647 hours IRAC + MIPS Hubble Treasury PI: M Giavalisco STScI 398 orbits ACS (+ existing WFPC2, NICMOS and STIS) ESO Large Program PI: C Cesarsky ESO Imaging: 396 hours ISAAC, 40 hours WFI Spectroscopy: proposals for complete low-res spectroscopy of ~ 6000 sources in CDF-S to R~25 (> 30 nights MOS already allocated to other programs in CDF-S) 10 June 2002 GOODS & IVO

Components cont. Chandra XMM-Newton VLA, ATCA, Merlin, WSRT 1 Msec on CDF-S & HDF-N HDF-N to go to 2 Msec in CXO Cycle 3, — 5 Msec goal XMM-Newton 500 ksec CDF-S; 225 ksec HDF-N VLA, ATCA, Merlin, WSRT Radio continuum imaging KPNO, CTIO, Subaru, Gemini, Keck, Palomar, MMT Optical/NIR imaging and spectroscopy JCMT SCUBA imaging of HDF-N GALEX UV imaging 10 June 2002 GOODS & IVO

IRAC 3.6 – 8 µm MIPS 24 µm (contingent on performance relative to GTO program) 10 June 2002 GOODS & IVO

SIRTF imaging 10 June 2002 GOODS & IVO

Schematic layout of GOODS fields 10 June 2002 GOODS & IVO

Chandra/SIRTF exposure maps 10 June 2002 GOODS & IVO

ACS layouts 10 June 2002 GOODS & IVO

ISAAC JHKs imaging of CDF-S The tiles numbered in cyan were completed in period 68. The yellow tiles are from a program by Giallongo et al. Blue is EIS WFI field 10 June 2002 GOODS & IVO

SIRTF observations Component IRAC Deep IRAC Ultradeep MIPS Nominal area ~300 arcmin2 ~50 arcmin2 Exposure time per map position 23.6 h (47.2 h in overlap) +46.5 h (total 70.1/93.7 h) 10.4 h Total time 409 h 99.3 h 139.2 h Individual exposure time 200 s 30 s Total dithers per map position 425 837 240 AOR information: Map positions per AOR 2 x 2 1 2 Number of AORs 68 18 48 Total clock time per AOR 21653 s 19852 s 10442 s Time per map position per AOR 5000 s 18600 s 4680 s Dithers per map position 25 93 30 Repeats within each AOR 5 (6) AOR repeats 17 9 4 Epochs per field / total 2 / 4 2 / 2 1 / 2 10 June 2002 GOODS & IVO

IRAC (3.6–8µm) simulations of HDF-N Handbook PSF 100 hour exposure Optimistic PSF 10 June 2002 GOODS & IVO

ACS observations (starting soon) Four broad, non-overlapping filters: F435W (B), F606W (V), F775W (i), & F850LP (z) Exposures of 3, 2.5, 2.5, and 5 orbits, respectively Five visits separated by about 45 days to search for high redshift supernovæ Extended-source sensitivities only 0.5-0.8 magnitudes shallower than WFPC2 HDF observations 10 June 2002 GOODS & IVO

Chandra: CDF-S and HDF-N 10 June 2002 GOODS & IVO

ISAAC & FORS, BVRIJHKs 10 June 2002 GOODS & IVO

ISAAC number counts Ks-band number counts from ~ 60 arcmin2 from ISAAC observations (red histogram) Central 2 x 2 arcmin regions only (blue dotted histogram) (Gilles Bergond 2002) 10 June 2002 GOODS & IVO

CDF-S: X, opt, NIR FORS-B,R, ISAAC-Ks, Chandra Classification by opt. spect. Type 2 QSO 2 Type 1 Galaxies G.Hasinger, P.Rosati, J.Bergeron, V.Mainieri, G.Szokoly and the CDFS Team (2002) 10 June 2002 GOODS & IVO

CDF-S spectroscopy Already have several hundred redshifts in CDF-S area (Cimatti, Rosati) — but mostly for specific types of object GOODS proposes to do ‘complete’ low-res spectroscopy for ~ 6000 objects to RAB = 25 Using FORS2 for red sources (~ 560) and VIMOS for the remainder: needs 10 + 13 nights 10 June 2002 GOODS & IVO

Data products “All data and data products from GOODS Legacy program and its supporting observations will be made public and distributed as quickly as possible to enable community research.” SIRTF data: Raw and basic pipeline processed frames: available from SSC archive Version 0.5 – best-effort reduced images (BCD-based or with limited reprocessing) 3 months after each campaign; mosaics if possible Version 1.0 – full release of image data products and initial catalogs, 3 months after last campaign Version 2.0 – final recalibrated data products and catalogs, 1 year after last campaign Similar release schedule for Hubble and ESO data ISAAC V0.5 was April 2002, V1.0 in July 2002 (thanks to EIS!) See www.eso.org/science/goods/ 10 June 2002 GOODS & IVO

GOODS and VO What is the attraction of the GOODS project for the development of VO? GOODS is not huge in data volume but it is extremely rich in complexity: Multi-wavelength imaging with different PSFs Resolution of confusion limits at long SIRTF ls Complex mosaicing strategies incorporation of geometric distortion corrections Photometric quality control catalogue production for different purposes Multi-object spectroscopy Number counts, P(D) for the EBL Archiving of complex data products i.e., it may make a useful prototype 10 June 2002 GOODS & IVO

Products from GOODS V0.5, V1 and V2 data products Including photometric/astrometrically calibrated mosaics and catalogues Catalogues extending beyond confusion limit (e.g., for MIPS) Spectral catalogues and atlases Colour composite images Enhanced calibration files and models Software developed as needed for the programme Self-calibration; deconfusion; SED construction and analysis… PR materials 10 June 2002 GOODS & IVO

Products to GOODS Tailored archive utilities … e.g., for derived data products housekeeping tools for complex datasets cutout servers: multi-instrument image-based comparison tools … 10 June 2002 GOODS & IVO

What GOODS needs People To pipeline process data, check quality, do photometric and astrometric calibration To build and check catalogues To develop dedicated s/w for special needs To design and implement archive data structures and descriptions To select sources and design MOS programmes … 10 June 2002 GOODS & IVO

What the science user needs A scientific objective An accessible, easy to navigate, archive Clear, complete and trustworthy descriptions of the contents 10 June 2002 GOODS & IVO

…so, is GOODS a good VO test case? The GOODS teams are obliged to structure and describe the data and the derived products The archives will be tailored by collaboration between the teams and the archive providers Which part of this process do we call the VO? 10 June 2002 GOODS & IVO