2.3 Carbon Compounds 1. Carbon –bonds w/O, N, H, P, S to form molecules of life

2. Macromolecules- “giant molecules” Monomers (building blocks) create polymers (macromolecules) 4 Types: proteins, lipids, carbohydrate, nucleic acids Organic compounds large w/ -C-C-C- backbones

Carbohydrates 1C:2H:1O Energy source (C-H bonds) Sugar (mono/di/polysaccharides) Simple Sugars = monosaccharides = 1 sugar Ex: Glucose

Complex Carb = polysaccharides = 3+ monos Ex: Glycogen = “animal starch”, Starch = plant

cellulose: cell wall (supports plant)

Lipids (fats, oils, steroid, waxes) All Steroids Have the Same Ring Structure

C-H, O 3 Fatty Acids w/ Glycerol backbone (E shaped) = monomers

Stored energy reserve, biological mem Saturated fat (solid; no double bonds) Unsaturated fat (liquid; double bonds)

Nucleic acids (Information molecules) N, C, H, O, P Nucleotides = monomers

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) genetic info RNA (ribonucleic acid) protein synthesis

Proteins N, C, H, O Amino Acids: monomers; 20 AA (12 synthesized/8 essential)

Four-step arrangement (3-D shape) = function Structural (bones, feathers)/enzymes/ fight diseases