Closing Task: I will complete and color my Protists foldable. TEK 8C: compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including Protists Objective: We will examine kingdom Protista and learn about the organisms in this kingdom. Closing Task: I will complete and color my Protists foldable. What are 2 reason why viruses are considered NON-LIVING? Warm-up There are NOT made of cells. They NEED a host cell in order to reproduce.

Keywords/ Essential Questions Endosymbiotic Theory Characteristics of Protists Plant-like protists Fungus-like protists Animal-like protists Diseases

Prokaryote (Bacteria Cell) Can Not See Nucleus Much smaller than Eukaryote cells No visible organelles Contains DNA and RNA

How did prokaryotic cells evolve into eukaryotic cells? The Endosymbiotic theory is the idea that a long time ago, prokaryotic cells engulfed other prokaryotic cells by endocytosis. This resulted in the first eukaryotic cells. First proposed by Lynn Margulis Explains the origin of eukaryotic cells Explains the origin of certain membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria and choloroplasts

What exactly happened? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ESXvLHceDc

Evidence in support of the endosymbiotic theory: Similarities between mitochondria, chloroplasts, & prokaryotes: Circular DNA Ribosomes Binary fission This led to the first ever eukaryotes…PROTISTS!

If you look at a drop of pond water under a microscope, all the "little creatures" you see swimming around are protists.

Kingdom Protista Characteristics All protists have a nucleus and are therefore eukaryotic. Most are unicellular, but some are multicellular such as certain algae. Can reproduce asexually through Mitosis and spores. Can reproduce sexually through conjugation. Protists are either: plant-like fungus-like animal-like

Plant-like protists Autotrophs – they contain chloroplasts and make their own food. Photosynthetic Protists include phytoplankton, red and brown algae, euglenas, and dinoflagellates.

Protist 1: Euglena Found in water Has long tail called flagellum Has “eyespot” to detect light (Stigma) Green color from chloroplasts

Flagellum in ACTION!

Protist 2: Volvox and Algae Green organelles called chloroplasts Some live as colonies (Volvox) Some deadly release toxin known as the Red Tide. If protists are stimulated they trigger a bioluminescent response. Volvox (colony of algae cells) Red Tide

Bioluminescent Red Tide!

Fungus-like protists Heterotrophs Include: Slime Molds, Water Molds, and Down Mildews Parasitize plants and are decomposers in freshwater ecosystems. Fuzzy like a fungus

Animal-like protists Heterotrophs Most are Protozoans are animal-like protists (heterotrophs) grouped according to how they move. The word protozoa means "little animal." They are so named because many species behave like tiny animals—specifically, they hunt and gather other microbes as food. Include Amoebas and Ciliates.

Protist 3: Ameoba Move with Pseudopodia (false feet) Found in bottom in the sediment of most water systems Engulfs food by surrounding it in food vacuoles Causes diseases such as malaria, and dysentery and rare form eats brain of humans! Pseudopodia Nucleus

Pseudopodia in Action!

Protist 4: Paramecium Covered in cilia to push food into gullet (primitive “stomach”) Has anal pore to release waste. Found in water, uses Contracting Vacuole to expel excess water. Contracting Vacuole

Paramecium Lunch Date!

Diseases caused by Protists Parasitic protists are responsible for some of the world’s most deadly diseases, including… Intestinal disease that leads to diarrhea and digestive problems. African sleeping disease caused by Trypanosoma that leads nerve damage and deep, fatal sleep. Malaria caused by Plasmodium and spread through mosquito bites. 1 million people die each year from this disease.

Plasmodium Life Cycle