Earth Science Bellringer 9/5/17 What is the main energy source that fuels biogeochemical cycles on Earth? Life as we know it is based on what simple element? What is conduction? What is radiation? What is convection?

Spheres of the Earth Challenge! BIOSPHERE ATMOSPHERE GEOSPHERE HYDROSPHERE What’s the point? -Your challenge is to display your understanding of Earth’s interactions through pictures & terms. Use creativity to show the complexity of how the spheres of Earth are connected! How to draw the spheres: Carefully, tape your 4 sheets of paper together. Make a small pencil dot DIRECTLY in the center Measure 8 cm in all 4 directions from the center and make a small, pencil dot. Open the compass to 10 cm Place the compass pointer of each of your 4 dots (Not the center on), and draw a perfect circle Side #1: Terms Characterize each of the vocabulary terms on the piece of paper I gave you. Note that some will exist in the areas of overlap.

Heat Transfer Solar radiation (Sun) warms the atmosphere and Earth’s surface and becomes heat energy. Heat is the total kinetic energy of all the particles. Heat moves from warmer to colder objects Heat energy is transferred by: Radiation Conduction Convection

Radiation Transfer of heat energy by electromagnetic waves. Most EM radiation from sun is visible light. EM radiation is made of waves w/ different frequencies. Only form of energy that can travel through space.

Conduction Transfer of heat from one molecule to another. Requires contact. Heat moves from warm to cold.

Convection Transfer of heat through movement of a fluid (liquid or gas). Earth’s surface and air near surface heats unevenly. Warm air expands, becomes less dense, rises. Thermals form Vertical movement of fluid.

Here ’ s How It Works! Energy in Atoms move faster and get farther apart Temperature increases Density Decreases Volume Increases Pressure Energy out Atoms move slower and get closer together Temperature falls Density increases decreases

Energy – the capacity to do work or produce heat. A. Energy Energy – the capacity to do work or produce heat. Work is the capacity to move an object over a distance against a force Two Kinds: Kinetic – energy of motion (waves, molecules, objects) Potential – stored energy or energy of position in the chemical bonds

Forms of Energy Kinetic energy: Potential energy: Electrical Chemical Radiant Thermal Motion Sound Potential energy: Chemical Stored mechanical Nuclear Gravitational

Four States of Matter Solids very low KE - particles vibrate but can’t move around fixed shape fixed volume

Four States of Matter Liquids low KE - particles can move around but are still close together variable shape fixed volume

Four States of Matter Gases high KE - particles can separate and move throughout container variable shape variable volume

Four States of Matter Plasma very high KE - particles collide with enough energy to break into charged particles (+/-) gas-like, variable shape & volume stars, fluorescent light bulbs

Temperature Temperature – measure of the average random kinetic energy of the particles.

Temperature SI unit of temp: Kelvin (K) The zero point on the Kelvin scale is called absolute zero (the point at which the motion of particles ceases). 0 K = -273.15 oC