Biomes What are the 2 abiotic factors that determine biomes? What type of organisms would inhabit each biome and what impact do humans have on each?

The distribution of major terrestrial biomes Tropical forest Savanna Desert Chaparral 30ºN Tropic of Cancer Temperate grassland Equator Temperate broadleaf forest Tropic of Capricorn Northern coniferous forest 30ºS Tundra Figure 52.19 The distribution of major terrestrial biomes High mountains Polar ice

A tropical rain forest in Borneo Figure 52.21 Terrestrial biomes For the Discovery Video Trees, go to Animation and Video Files. A tropical rain forest in Borneo

A desert in the southwestern United States Figure 52.21 Terrestrial biomes A desert in the southwestern United States

A savanna in Kenya Rain and temperature are seasonal Figure 52.21 Terrestrial biomes A savanna in Kenya Rain and temperature are seasonal

Figure 52.21 Terrestrial biomes An area of chaparral in California

Chaparral Chaparral climate is highly seasonal, with cool and rainy winters and hot dry summers. The chaparral is dominated by shrubs, small trees, grasses, and herbs; many plants are adapted to fire and drought. Animals include amphibians, birds and other reptiles, insects, small mammals and browsing mammals.

Sheyenne National Grassland in North Dakota Figure 52.21 Terrestrial biomes Winters cold and dry, summers wet and hot

Taiga - Boreal Rocky Mountain National Park in Colorado Figure 52.21 Terrestrial biomes Winters cold, summers hot

Temperate deciduous Forest Great Smoky Mountains National Park in North Carolina Figure 52.21 Terrestrial biomes

Tundra Denali National Park, Alaska, in autumn Figure 52.21 Terrestrial biomes Denali National Park, Alaska, in autumn Tundra

What is population? Describe the differences in these 3 populations.

Patterns of Dispersion (populations) Clumped: organisms in patches. Usually because of environmental factors (plants clump where soil is conditions are favorable) Uniform: formed due to direct interactions of organisms (defense) Random: where an organism is in a population is independent of others

Density Independent vs. dependent factors Density-independent factors (all populations affected regardless of size) ie: weather, natural disaster, human activities Density-dependent factors(affect depends on size of population) ie:competition, predation,disease Negative feedback that regulates population growth

Competitive Exclusion The role of Niche – fundamental vs. realized Competitive Exclusion Fundamental niche: all the places organisms take habitat and all the things they can eat. Realized niche: utilizing only a part of the niche they could if they were the only organism in the niche https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-6COob_bymw

Succession Primary Secondary Primary – Sand has little to no nutrient turnover and can therefore not sustain plant life and subsequent other organisms Secondary – After a forest fire, new low lying grasses emerge first. Small pines in the background likely emerged as a result of fire opening the cones and dropping seeds. Can see mosses and small grasses on the hill. Secondary

Symbiotic Relationships What kind of relationship? 1) 1. parasitic

2) 3) 2. mutualism; 3. commensalism

4) 5) 4. mutualism; 5. predator-prey

Human Impact & Conservation Acid rain Deforestation Industrialization Eutrophication Hunting Etc… Effects on biodiversity? Conservation Efforts?