Bell Work: List 5 things that you did this morning. List any laws that affect this activity. What is the law’s purpose that you identified? Would you change any of these laws if you could?

What is Law? Jurisprudence- the study of law and legal philosophy Law – Rules and regulations made and enforced by government that regulate the conduct of people within a society. Rules: Home School Work Government Without law there would be confusion and disorder Social Contract Theory - No one is above the law. (Laws are the same for all.)

Laws and Values Laws are influenced by society’s ideas of right/wrong Laws must balance minority rights with majority rule along with responsibilities As values change, so do laws

Goals of Legal System Protect human rights Promote fairness https://search.yahoo.com/yhs/search?p=you+tube+video+on+human+rights&ei=UTF-8&hspart=mozilla&hsimp=yhs-002 Promote fairness Help resolve conflict Promote social order and stability Promote desirable social and economic behavior Represent the will of the majority Protect the rights of minorities

Values Creating Laws Moral Economic Political Social Combined Values Killing Economic Tax benefits to home owners Political Vote Social Free public education Combined Values Stealing (wrong, loss of property, punishment, respect)

Can Laws Solve Social Problems? Alcoholism Drug Abuse

The Case of the Shipwrecked Sailors Read the case. Answer the questions a-f .

Bell Work: Which Value is Involved? Economic, Social, Political, or Moral? All drivers must stop at stop signs. It is a crime to cheat on your tax return. All citizens may vote at age eighteen. Special government programs lend money to minority-owned businesses at low interest rates. Government officials may not accept gifts from people who want them to pass certain laws. Possession of marijuana is a crime.

Answers All drivers must stop at stop signs. S It is a crime to cheat on your tax return. E All citizens may vote at age eighteen. P Special government programs lend money to minority-owned businesses at low interest rates. E Government officials may not accept gifts from people who want them to pass certain laws. M Possession of marijuana is a crime. M

Human Rights Rights that belong to all people simply because they are human beings. In advocating the dignity of all is respected. Government and individuals can violate. Apply in homes, schools, workplaces. Human rights apply from birth until death.

What human rights are important to others? Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) Protects freedoms of speech, religion, press, and right to participate in government Adequate food, education, housing, health care Jobs, safe working conditions, salary, own property Countries use human rights when writing laws

Balancing Rights with Responsibilities With every right comes a responsibility Trial by jury- serve on a jury Democracy- vote Attend school- _________________________ Just because you have the right to do something does not mean that you should Freedom of speech- hateful/abusive words

What would you do? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8fRlhGoUoI0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xyixU8zfU20

Bell Work: The case of “The Apathetic Bystanders” and answer the questions.

Friday, March 4 Kinds of Laws Criminal Law Public conduct in society Punished by prison, fine, supervision Felonies- punished by more than one year in prison Murder, robbery Misdemeanor- punished by less than one year in prison/fine Assault, theft Civil Law Argument between two people Lawsuit for cash Ex: marriage, divorce, contracts, real estate, insurance, consumer protection, negligence

Trial Defendant- person accused of crime Plaintiff- person harmed by defendant Prosecutor- lawyer helping plaintiff Beyond a reasonable doubt- every person on the jury must be certain the defendant committed the crime One juror that believes the defendant is innocent will set the defendant free Criminal Cases Preponderance of evidence- the evidence shows the defendant PROBABLY committed the crime Civil Cases

Ex: O.J. Simpson Prosecuted for deaths of former wife and her friend DA had to prove he was guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Verdict – not guilty Goldman’s parents brought about a civil suit for wrongful death Preponderance of evidence The Goldman’s won

Criminal or Civil Laws? Problem 1.7 ; Matt and Kenji skip school Read and answer a-c Read and answer Problem 1.8

Our Constitutional Framework Highest law in land Limited government Checks and Balances Bill of Rights First 10 Amendments Separation of powers 3 branches: executive (President), legislative (Congress), judicial (Supreme Court)

Judicial Branch Judicial review- examines a law from Congress Unconstitutional- violates the Constitution and cannot exist Congress does not have authority to pass law (State issue) Federalism (State, Federal, Both Powers) Congress passed a law that violates the Constitution