Teachers' use of English in communicative German language classrooms: A qualitative analysis Presenter：Yi-Chun Vivian Tsai Instructor：Dr. Pi-Ying Teresa Hsu March 23, 2009

Kraemer, A. (2006). Teachers' use of English in communicative German language classrooms: A qualitative analysis. ProQuest Education Journals, 39(3), 435-450.

Content I. Introduction II. Methodology III. Results & Discussion IV. Conclusion V. Reflection

Introduction Purposes to examine the amount and the purpose of English used by TAs in the classroom to investigate the language switching by native speakers(NSs) and nonnative speakers(Non-NSs) of the foreign language

Introduction Research question 1 Do native and nonnative German TAs use English in beginning language classrooms? The results of this study reveal that English was used in all classrooms observed.

Introduction Research question 2 Do native and nonnative German TAs use English to extent and functions? In this respect, as well as when considering that all TAs did use English to some extent and functions.

Introduction CONFIRMED Hypothesis 1 There will be a fair amount of English in the classroom despite recommendations of the textbook and departmental guidelines. CONFIRMED

Introduction CONFIRMED NS TAs only Hypothesis 2 Novice TAs will utilize English more than experienced TAs. CONFIRMED NS TAs only

Introduction CONFIRMED Hypothesis 3 Native English TAs will use more English than nonnative English TAs. CONFIRMED

Introduction CONFIRMED Hypothesis 4 The use of English can be attributed to specific functions. CONFIRMED

Methodology Participants Amount NSs：Non-NSs Teaching Experience Courses 5 TAs 3：2 3 experienced TAs 5 foreign language methods courses 3 GFL courses in Germany

Classroom Observation Methodology Classroom Observation Interview Questionnaire

Results & Discussion Number of occurrences of different functions for the TAs’ use of English in the classroom

Classroom management and administrative vocabulary Results & Discussion Translation Classroom management and administrative vocabulary Talking to individual students Repetition or explanation to prevent and remedy students' lack of comprehension

Conclusion Implication 1 To develop a set of classroom management and administrative vocabulary terms and expressions in German for TAs and Ss to use. To reduce the amount of English in the particular classrooms under investigation.

Conclusion Implication 2 A good foundation in relevant teacher coursework seems to be beneficial. TAs should complete methodology coursework prior to their first teaching experience.

Reflection Extensive Study Longitudinal Study To develop students’ proficiency with lesson content and progress Longitudinal Study To prevent unnatural teaching style and offer broader insights

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