TRAINING FOR GRAIN SILO OPERATIONS

TRAINING FOR GRAIN SILO OPERATIONS Grain quality and grading Fumigation and quality preservation Efficient and Effective SILO OPERATIONS (Knowledge + People + Machines = PROFIT)

CHALLENGE FOR GRAIN SILO OWNERS To fully understand we must know where the present day silo’s came from. SHORT HISTORY

Jan van Riebeeck builds a halfway house on route to the East 1652 1830’s 1860’s 1880’s 1900 1910 1930 Jan van Riebeeck builds a halfway house on route to the East

1652 1830’s 1860’s 1880’s 1900 1910 1930 Great Trek to the North Diamonds in the Northern Cape Gold in Witwatersrand RAILWAYS

AGRI product prices plummets 1652 1830’s 1860’s 1880’s 1900 1910 1930 Anglo Boer war WWI World Depression AGRI product prices plummets

RECOVERY PHASE 1930’s 1960’s Co-op Act: Regional support and Marketing Transport (RAILROADS), Electricity, Steel/Iron availability and Technology improves Marketing Act: Control Boards Maize Board, Wheat Board, Oilseeds Board….. Single Channel Marketing/Pool schemes/Surplus Removal Schemes etc. to further stabilize producer prices. Farmers get the same price irrespective of where it’s produced (Zastron, Lichtenburg or Ermelo) Minister of Agriculture decides on the farmers price, based on production cost Millers pay the same price for the product irrespective of where they are, next to the farm or 1000 kms from it. Boards calculates selling price based on various costs. Co-ops lost their marketing function and became AGENTS for the various Boards to handle and store grains and Oilseeds. Compensated on a average COST PLUS basis.

DEVELOPMENT PHASE 1960’s 1980’s Silo building program via co-ops, funded with loans and owners capital Based on actual and potential production in each Co-op region Silo infra structures were build in the different Co-op’s regions all over the country, mainly where RAILROADS were available.

GRAIN FLOW IN BASE MODEL SILO Intake designed for 10 ton road units Longer storage periods Outloading designed for 42 ton rail units Rail trucks per 24 hrs limited to size of siding Scheduled out loading of commodities

Cost to stabilize prices PRICE FORMING OF AGRI PRODUCTS 1990’s PRODUCER PRICE PROCESSOR PRICE CONSUMER PRICE GAP BYPASS Cost to stabilize prices

1992 1996 KASSIER report AMB New Act on Agricultural Marketing DEREGULATION, no more Control Boards Co-op’s -> AGRI Businesses SAFEX AMD Established Bidding platform for AGRI products Future contracts Location Differentials Change in production areas linked to market/production sustainability/delivery costs Railways/Road delivery ratio change due to Non-Operational and/or Non-Profitable rail routes. Alternative storage concepts: Bunkers, Silo bags, Farm silo’s, etc. etc. Direct Marketing ex Farms.

? PRESENT DAY DEMAND ON A SILO 2010’s No more 10 ton Tractor/trailer combo’s on intake side Storage period irregular Outloading Rail Trucks (if possible) > Irregular/ Late/ Demanding 34 tons+ Road Trucks > Irregular/ Late/ Demanding Mixed commodities - Daily 2010’s ? SILO’S WERE NOT DESIGNED FOR THIS CONVERSIONS NOT ALWAYS OPTIMAL OR EFFECTIVE

Grain Handling Operator TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGE FOR GRAIN SILO OWNERS Grain Handling Operator Industry in-house course. Curriculum : Occupational Safety, Health and Environmental Protection

Grain Handling Controller CHALLENGE FOR GRAIN SILO OWNERS Grain Handling Controller AgriSETA approved Curriculum KNOWLEDGE MODULES SUPERVISION: Performance, Motivation and Discipline COMMUNICATION: Workplace and Groups OPERATIONS: Management, Structures and Markets, Personnel, Employment, Financial and Maintenance. STOCK CONTROL: Quality, Control, Assurance. HANDLING & STORAGE TECHNOLOGY: Principles and concepts. PRACTICAL MODULES WORK EXPERIENCE MODULES