Pre-MDD Capability Requirements Analyses Initiation to Materiel Development Decision (MDD)

Lesson Objectives Explain the importance of Capabilities-Based Assessments (CBAs) to the Joint Capabilities Integration Development System (JCIDS) and the Defense Acquisition System Examine analytical approaches that identify capability requirements & gaps, recommend non-materiel & materiel approaches, & recommend JCIDS action Summarize the essential characteristics & qualities of CBAs Examine the major tasks of an effective CBA effort Examine CBAs & their relation to the DOTmLPF-P Change Recommendation (DCR) & Initial Capabilities Document (ICD)

Pre-MDD Capability Requirements Analysis Full Rate Prod Decision Review Joint Concepts Capability Requirements Analyses MS C MS B Strategic Guidance Incremental Development MS A Technology Development Engineering & Manufacturing Development Production & Deployment AoA Materiel Solution Analysis Technology Opportunities & Resources ICD O&S User Needs MDD CDD CPD AoA: Analysis of Alternatives CDD: Capability Development Document CPD: Capability Production Document ICD: Initial Capabilities Document\ MDD: Materiel Development Decision O&S: Operations & Support

Approaches for Identifying Capability Requirements Gaps Include but not limited to: Operational Planning CBAs & Other Studies Exercise & Warfighting Lessons Learned JCTDs, JUONs, JEONs, & Other Experiments Joint IED Defeat Transitions Packets DBS Business Case Documents CBA: Capabilities-Base Assessment DBS: Defense Business Systems JCTD: Joint Capability Technology Demonstration JEON: Joint Emergent Operational Need JUON: Joint Urgent Operational Need

Capability Requirements Analysis Outputs Regardless of the approach used, primary outputs include: Describe the mission & military problem Id & assess prior CBAs, studies, & other applicable analytical products Id the tasks needed to meet mission objectives Id the capability requirements using one or more JCAs & describe them in terms of tasks, performance, & conditions Assess the capability gaps between the capability requirements & current or programmed force structure Assess the operational risk for each capability gap if it’s not addressed Evaluate possible non-materiel & materiel approaches that would satisfy part or all of the capability gaps Recommend the most appropriate approach to close the capability gaps and reduce operational risk Fundamental goal: recommend action or accept risk JCA: Joint Capability Area

Operational Planning OPLANs & CONPLANs – CCMD roles, missions, & forces Ongoing Operations: Could be JUON or component urgent need process Potential mission failure or unacceptable loss of life (now…) Anticipated Operations: Could be JEON or component urgent need process Potential mission failure or unacceptable loss of life (should operations begin soon…) “If operations were to begin tomorrow, would the unfulfilled JEON then turn into a JUON?” CCMD: Combatant Command CONPLAN: Concept Plan JEON: Joint Emergent Operational Need JUON: Joint Urgent Operational Need OPLAN: Operation Plan

Exercise & Warfighting Lessons Learned CJCSI 3150.25, Joint Lessons Learned Program Documentation reflects operational utility May lead to further analyses (trigger a CBA?) & development of JCIDS documents for staffing

JCTDs & Prototypes JCTD – Joint Capability Technology Demonstration Only after a sufficient assessment of operational utility Outlined in JCTD website: http://www.acq.osd.mil/jctd/ Prototypes Used to address JUONs & JEONs (FITE) (JLTV)

JUONs, JEONs, & Other Experimentation JUON – Joint Urgent Operational Need (or component urgent needs process) May enter JCIDS without an ICD Uploaded to KM/DS JEON – Joint Emergent Operational Need (or component urgent needs process) Joint Experimentation Sufficient assessment of operational utility Outlined in CJCSI 3101.02B, Joint Operations Concept Development Process (JOPSC-DP) http://www.dtic.mil/futurejointwarfare/concepts/cjcsi3010_02b.pdf (Scan Eagle) NEW KM/DS: Knowledge Management/Decision Support

Joint IED Defeat Transition Packages Used as a source document for the CDD & CPD - JROC approval & transition to program of record (POR) (IED robot with Tanglefoot)

DBS – Business Case Documents Information Systems (IS) that are NOT part of a weapon system NOT directly involved in military or intel missions Validated by DBSMC Uses a business case document Employs Business Capability Lifecycle (BCL) process in lieu of an ICD & CDD Still uploaded to KM/DS If joint oversight required, case document used for staffing & validation Outlined in AT&L DTM, 11-009, Acquisition Policy for Defense Business Systems (DBS), 23 Jun 2011 Lesson Learned for all these approaches: good documentation vital when using these alternatives… BCL: Business Capability Lifecycle DBSMC: Defense Business Systems Management Committee

CBA Overview CBA: Initiated by: Becomes basis for: Validating capability needs DoD Sponsor CBA: Typical analytic basis of JCIDS Based upon: Recommends: CCJO Endorsed CONOPS Formally- tasked OPLANS and CONPLANs ACTION w/o excessive rigor ISCs CCJO: Capstone Concept for Joint Operations CONPLAN: Concept Plan ISC: Integrated Security Constructs OPLAN: Operation Plan

CBA to MDD JCIDS Acq Capability Identification Requirements ID tasks, conditions, & standards “What’s the military problem” MDD “Bridge” ID capability gaps & redundancies “Look at the programmed force structure & doctrinal approaches” ID possible non-materiel & materiel solutions “Address gap or accept risk” Seam Between Capabilities & Acquisition ICD AoA JCIDS Acq Capability Identification Requirements Development Conduct of a CBA

CBA Lit Search: Strategic Guidance QDR CRA QDR NSHS NSS NSS NDS NDS NMS NMS CBA: Typical JCIDS analysis UCP JSCP UCP JSCP Classified Guidance GEF DPG GEF DPPG CRA: Chairman’s Risk Assessment QDR: Quadrennial Defense Review NSS: National Security Strategy NDS: National Defense Strategy NMS: National Military Strategy NSHS: National Strategy for Homeland Security UCP: Unified Command Plan GEF: Guidance on Employment of the Force DPG: Defense Planning Guidance JSCP: Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan

CBA Lit Search: Conceptual Guidance JOE CCJO JOC JOAC CCJO JOC JOpsC Family of Documents* J7 - JFDID CJCSI 3010.02B CJCSI 3010.02B CBA: Typical analytical basis of JCIDS JIC JCA JIC JCA * Posted at J7 JFDID website - http://www.dtic.mil/futurejointwarfare/. Joint Force Development & Integration Division (JFDID) is responsible for developing & monitoring the implementation plans for joint experimentation & concept development for DoD. JFDID: Joint Force Development & Integration Division JOpsC: Joint Operations Concepts CCJO: Capstone Concept for Joint Operations JIC: Joint Integrating Concept JCA: Joint Capability Area JOC: Joint Operating Concept JOAC: Joint Operational Access Concept JOE: Joint Operating Environment

CBA Framework: Nine JCAs & Six FCBs JCA Definition: “…currently the preferred method the DoD uses for reviewing and managing capabilities.” “Collections of like DoD capabilities functionally grouped to support capability analysis…” First proposed in 2003 (21), tiered as far as five levels: Updated Structure: JCA # Name FCB Sponsor 1 Force Support Same J-8 2 Battlespace Awareness Same J-2 3 Force Application Same J-8 4 Logistics Same J-4 5 C4 C4/Cyber J-8 6 Cyber C4/Cyber J-8 7 Protection Same J-8 8 Building Partnerships NA J-5 9 Corporate Management NA J-5

Sample JCA & Tiering 2 Battlespace Awareness – The ability to understand dispositions and intentions as well as the characteristics and conditions of the operational environment that bear on national and military decision-making. 2.1 Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance – The ability to conduct activities to meet the intelligence needs of national and military decision-makers. 2.1.1 Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Planning and Direction – The ability to synchronize and integrate the activities of collection, processing, exploitation, analysis and dissemination resources to meet information requirements of national and military decision-makers. 2.1.1.1 Define and Prioritize Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Requirements – The ability to translate national through tactical objectives and needs into specific information and operational requirements for ISR. … 2.2 Environment – The ability to characterize and exploit the meteorological, space and oceanographic information from the sub-bottom of the earth’s oceans up to and including space.

1st Recommendation: Non-Materiel Approaches Doctrine Facilities Leadership & Education Organization Policy Personnel Training DCR DOTmLPF - P Change Recommendation

2nd Recommendation: Materiel Approaches Development & Fielding of Information Systems Or similar technologies with high obsolescence rates Evolution of existing capabilities Evolution of Existing Systems Provide significant capability improvement Replacing existing system with more capable system Simple recapitalization Transformational Systems Differ significantly in form, function, operation & capabilities Significant improvement over current capability Transforms how we accomplish mission

CBA Results & Recommendations CBA Bottom Line AoA CBA Findings & Recommendations: vital for the foundation of a successful acquisition These same results then support which analytical document? Materiel Solution Analysis (MSA) Phase Starts & supports which acquisition phase? Materiel Development Decision (MDD) Supports which decision? Initial Capabilities Document (ICD) Support which document? CBA Results & Recommendations

Policy Update – Analysis-Related Changes Consolidate four instructions into two & the JCIDS Manual CJCSI 5123 (JROC Charter) and CJCSI 3170 (JCIDS) - signed CJCSI 3137 (FCBs) and CJCSI 3470 (JUONs) – canceled JCIDS Manual still cites CBA User’s Guide Adjust JROC venue to be more tank-like with FCB chairs briefing issue & providing portfolio-level assessment Incorporate Special Access Program (SAP) aspects into the discussion Stand up of the SAP Integration Group to comprehensively integrate capabilities, requirements, & provide recommendations

Policy Update – Analysis-Related Changes (continued) Incorporate a Pre-MS A JROC review of Sponsor AoA study & results – support cost/schedule/performance recommendations to the MDA Can also request AoA review at any time Greater J-7 role - emphasize non-material solutions & considerations to capability gaps

What an RM Needs to Take Away From This Lesson Ensure whatever approach you use effectively scopes the analysis needed avoid paralysis-by-analysis CBAs: 90-180 days Select representative scenarios from the ISC & use a realistic timeframe for delivery of the capability Align all capability requirements to prioritized JCAs Use CDTM to develop ICD for correct format and length Recommend appropriate actions to mitigate gaps Accept risk Non-materiel Materiel

Sources for More Pre-MDD Capability Requirements Analysis Information JCIDS Intellipedia site: https://www.intelink.gov/wiki/JCIDS CJSCI 3170.01H, JCIDS, 10 Jan 2012 CJCSI 5123.01F, JROC Charter, 10 Jan 2012 JCIDS Manual, 19 Jan 2012 (& errata) JCIDS Process Flowchart, 19 Jan 2012 DAU online course CLR 250, Capability-Based Assessments: https://learn.dau.mil General CBA overview – more detailed than RQM 310 – access via browse mode DAU Community of Practice (CoP): https://acc.dau.mil/CommunityBrowser.aspx?id=204080&lang=en-US