Psychoanalytic Approach Developed by Sigmund Freud History of Freud the man Keywords: psychoanalytic approach, unconscious motivation Graphics: picture of Freud pg. 420 Myers

Psychoanalytic Approach Conscious Unconscious Superego Preconscious Id Ego Self Balance Id & Superego Aware Memory easily accessible Moral Force Angel Unaware Repressed Thoughts Pleasure Seeking- sex aggression Devil

Psychosexual Stages Freud’s five stages of personality development, each associated with a particular erogenous zone Fixation - an attempt to achieve pleasure as an adult in ways that are equivalent to how it was achieved in these stages Keywords: fixation

Oral Stage (birth - 1 year) Mouth is associated with sexual pleasure Weaning a child can lead to fixation if not handled correctly Fixation can lead to oral activities in adulthood Keywords: oral stage

Anal Stage (1 - 3 years) Anus is associated with pleasure Toilet training can lead to fixation if not handled correctly Fixation can lead to anal retentive or expulsive behaviors in adulthood Keywords: anal stage

Phallic Stage (3 - 5 years) Focus of pleasure shifts to the genitals Oedipus or Electra complex can occur Fixation can lead to excessive masculinity in males and the need for attention or domination in females Ex- Penis Envy- women Ex- Castration anxiety- men Keywords: phallic stage, Oedipus complex, Electra complex

Latency Stage (5 - puberty) Sexuality is repressed Children participate in hobbies, school and same-sex friendships Keywords: latency stage

Genital Stage (puberty on) Sexual feelings re-emerge and are oriented toward others Healthy adults find pleasure in love and work, fixated adults have their energy tied up in earlier stages Keywords: genital stage

“When you say one thing but mean your mother.”

Defense Mechanisms Unconscious mental processes employed by the ego to reduce anxiety Keywords: defense mechanisms

The story of Biff, Muffy & Alvin

Defense Mechanisms Repression - keeping anxiety-producing thoughts out of the conscious mind Ex- Reaction formation - replacing an unacceptable wish with its opposite Keywords: repression, reaction formation

Defense Mechanisms Displacement - when a drive directed to one activity by the id is redirected to a more acceptable activity by the ego Ex- Sublimation - displacement to activities that are valued by society ex Keywords: displacement, sublimation

Defense Mechanisms Projection - reducing anxiety by attributing unacceptable impulses to someone else ex Rationalization - reasoning away anxiety-producing thoughts Regression - retreating to a mode of behavior characteristic of an earlier stage of development Keywords: projection, rationalization, regression

Criticisms of Freud's Theories Unscientific - Not predictive - Can’t observe - Clinic not lab - Can’t generalize from neurotic Viennese women Slips? Dreams? Is this Science?

Sigmund Freud Carl Jung

Carl Jung Divided Concept of the Unconscious Personal = like Freud Collective= The inherited storehouse of latent memories from ancestors. Archetypes=division of collective unconscious.

Basic Archetypes 1.The Shadow- The dark side of collective. Enemies/Evil 2.The Anima Or Animus – -Exaggerated male or female

Archetypes Cont… 4. The Self -the God image 3. The Child –innocence or hope 4. The Self -the God image