MODERNISATION OF CADASTRAL SURVEYS By Brig Girish Kumar Project Director Delhi State Spatial Data Infrastructure(DSSDI)

Maintained by the Government What is Cadastre? It is a Legal Document Maintained by the Government Updated periodically during Land Fragmentations or Land Transactions Which has Survey Number to each and every Parcel and its co-relation with Land Owner Important Stages in Survey & SettlementOperations Preparation of Map- Maps are surveyed with old / crude techniques Preparation of Record of Right (ROR) Assessment of Land Revenue Adjudication Demarcation Registration 2

AN APPROACH FOR MODERNISATION OF CADASTRAL SURVEYS A Solution for the Challenges of the 21st Century AN APPROACH FOR MODERNISATION OF CADASTRAL SURVEYS 4 1

Methodology proposed for Cadastral Map Survey/ Resurvey Integration of Modern Technologies to supplement Photogrammetric Database For open areas- Hybrid method using Digital Photogrammetry- Ortho Photo Global Positioning System integrated with Tablet PCs Total Stations For Wooded areas or where Aerial Photography is not available Desired Accuracies Rural areas- 20 cms Urban areas- 10 cms Scale of Photography – 1:4,000 to 1:10,000

Photogrammetry? Photogrammetry is defined as the art, science, technology of obtaining reliable information about physical objects through processes of recording, measuring and interpreting photographic images It is techniques of producing 3-dimensional coordinates from two-dimensional photographs. An Orthophoto is a photograph without any distortions. It shows images of objects in their true plannimetric positions. Scale in orthophoto is constant.

DATA PRESENTATION- ISOMETRIC VIEW(PART)

DATA PRESENTATION- PART 3D VIEW

ADVANTAGES OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AS BASIC DATA SOURCE 1. It is a fast, accurate and repeatable method. 2. The correctness of digital data can be verified at any time in future by referring to the aerial photos.. 3. It is a reliable source of height data. 4. stereo digital data can be used for many other applications such as: Preparation of large scale maps for irrigation and other infrastructure development projects. preparation of maps for flood prone areas, soil conservation etc. planning and collection of data required by administrators and planners in various other disciplines. 9

A Datum is a mathematical model of the Earth which approximates the shape of the Earth, and enables calculations such as position and area in a consistent and accurate manner. N N Geoid INDIA Geoid CG Everest WGS 84 – Geocentric Ellipsoid Relationships between the earth's surface, the geoid and a reference ellipsoid

Principles of Suryeying Working from whole to part:- To prevent accumulation of errors and to localise minor errors within the frame work of the control points. Consistency of accuracy:- Uniform accuracy through out the whole suryey. Economy of accuracy:- Technology used minimum cost and higher accuracy. Independent check:- There should be independent check for linear and angular measurement.

Digital Terrain Model (DTM) Digital representation of the earth surface in the form of x, y, z coordinates. It can be represented as Rectangular Grids Triangular Networks Irregular Spot heights and Breaklines

DELHI STATE SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (DSSDI) A COLLABORATIVE PROJECT (3D GIS ) between SURVEY of INDIA GNCTD

SYSTEMS HIGH-LEVEL MANAGEMENT INTEGRATION Project Description Component ‘A’: PREPARATION GPS CONTROL, AT / DEM / ORTHO DSSDI PROJECT SYSTEMS HIGH-LEVEL Component ‘B’ : SYSTEM DESIGN & INTEGRATION DATABASE SCHEMA, 10 MON CENTRES 2 CONTROL CENTRES, DSSDI GEOPORTAL TRAINING Component ‘D’ : 3D TOPOLOGY TEXTURING, 3D VISUALISATION, GIS APPLICATIONS MANAGEMENT INTEGRATION Component ‘C’ : 3D MAPPING, PROPERTY SURVEY, UTILITY SURVEY, LIS SPV (GeoSpatial Delhi Ltd)

Comprehensive Land Information System

PROPERTY CADASTRE FROM RECORDS PARCEL/ PLOT BOUNDARIES FROM DSSDI SURVEY Rural cadastre: Sajra/ village revenue maps from revenue deptt Urban cadastre: Collect layout map of colonies/township from DDA, MCD and other sources 3D Feature Extraction of Parcel / Plot Boundary and building outline layers by Digital Photogrammetry Digital Analog Digital Analog Scan, vectorize Geo-reference by ortho-rectified photo and GPS Edge-Match and Mosaic Sajra to aggregate to subdivisions /District Edge-Match and Mosaic Layout map (at plot level) of DDA colonies to aggregate to subdivision, District & NCT level Link Parcel Nos. and Khatauni information to Survey Nos. Link property ownership data from urban local Bodies. Plot level urban cadastre from GNCTD records. Parcel level rural cadastre from GNCTD records. Integrated Rural and urban cadastre from GNCTD records A

Conflict resolution by GNCTD A Overlay property cadastre from GNCTD records with parcel / plot boundaries on 3D feature extraction to establish correlation for -Transfer / linkage of unique Parcel-Numbers and Ownership Data Preliminary flagging for major spatial mismatch tion Proof-Plot with Unique Parcel Number and linked ownership records for Field Verification Field verification of parcel / plot boundaries. Picking up missing and erroneous parcel / plot boundaries, buildings by Total Station or other ground surveying methods Checking and Collection of ownership and attributes in Field on devised proforma Final Flagging of Property GIS Data for Major spatial mismatch and Attribute mismatch with Records Conflict resolution by GNCTD CREATION OF LIS

1:4,000 Scale

Digitized Parcels

with Topographical Features 0.0109 Sq km 0.0148 Sq km

Area of the Numbered Parcels (approx.) Dimensions of the Parcels Area Marked in the Inset 40 m 100 m 1 2 121 m 54 m Area of the Numbered Parcels (approx.) 0.657 Hectares 0.402 Hectares 0.391 Hectares 0.736 Hectares 94 m 43 m 3 52 m 78 m 48 m 172 m 4 148 m 50 m

Suggestions Fast & Cost effective Survey Techniques for Generation of Records Reduction in time - field survey and settlement operations. Improved accuracy. Standardization Large scale mapping in congested/ urban areas.. Automation in generation of graphic outputs required in the intermediate stages of operations Parcel based LIS to facilitate planning and implementation of projects at the village level Effective Mechanism of maintenance of Records. Accessibility Sustainability Fast & Accurate method for settlements Replacing resettlement operations with a method of continuous updation of database. Capacity Building ie Development of Technical Man Power Mechanism for preventing Encroachment of Government Land. Restoring public confidence in the age old revenue systems. 23

Technical Specifications Selection of Technology and Methodology Selection of vendors Quality and Accuracy Checks Development of comprehensive LIS

THANKS