Geographical Information Systems Pavel Hrubeš

Department of Transport Telematics Actuality Lecture’s presentation Tutorial files Scientist papers for presentations http://www.lss.fd.cvut.cz/education/gis Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

Department of Transport Telematics People around GIS Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

Department of Transport Telematics GIS what it can do Any GIS should be capable of six fundamental operations Data Capturing Data Storage Data Query Data Analysis & Modeling Data Display Data Outputting/ Printing Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

Department of Transport Telematics GIS components GIS users Data sources Workstations Applications Visualisation Modeling Capturing Storage Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

Department of Transport Telematics How it works Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

Analog Map Vs Digital Map Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

Department of Transport Telematics Data Capturing A GIS must provide a methods for entering geographics (coordinate) and tabular (attribute ) data. Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

Department of Transport Telematics Data Storage There are two basic models of data storage – vector and raster. A GIS should be able to store both types. Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

Department of Transport Telematics Data Query A GIS must provide tools for finding specific features based on their location or attributes. Queries, which are often created as logical statements , are used to select features on the map and their records in the database. Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

Department of Transport Telematics Analyzing data Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

Department of Transport Telematics Proximity analysis Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

Department of Transport Telematics Overlay analysis Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

Department of Transport Telematics Data Display Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

Department of Transport Telematics Outputting Data Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

GIS is not just pictures Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

GIS & Related Mapping Technologies A "true GIS" also includes the following characteristics: a. A database management system (DBMS) b. Analysis capability c. Spatial geo-referencing d. Graphics output Related mapping software may have some but not all of these fields: CAD: Computer Assisting Drawing, e.g. AutoCad, Microstation c, d GDS: Graphic Design System, e.g. CorelDraw, Illustrator d DBMS: Database Management System, e.g. Oracle, Sybase a DIPS: Digital Image Processing System, e.g. PCI, Erdas b, c, d GPS: Global Positioning Systems, e.g. Garmin, Trimble c Each of these perform better than a GIS at their specialty, but only a GIS has all four components: e.g. mapping software is better for map production, image processing for working with satellite image data. Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

Department of Transport Telematics Data Vs Informations Knowledge Real world Data Word or number Information Class or type Data + Information interpretation and generalization Data Physical representation Information Meaning importing for solution of issues Knowledge Ability to use for solution Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

Modeling of real world phenomena World is infinitely complex To solve our issues we need a simple and reduced description What could be in model? Digital version of real objects ( houses, roads, forest) Digital version of virtual objects ( country borders ,section lines) Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

Representation in computer Computer is well developed to maintain discrete data but not continuous data Some objects are discrete (houses, borders) – no problem Some phenomena are continuous (temperature, elevation above sea-level) There is necessary to have the rules, how to sample data. Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

Transformation to model Sometimes there is very difficult Forest Non forest reality GIS representation Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

Department of Transport Telematics Modeling of real world Selection of objects or phenomena Identification of objects Definition of way of representation Transformation rules GIS data model Recording of data into database Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

Department of Transport Telematics GIS representations Point Line Polygon Rastr Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

Department of Transport Telematics Creating object model Coordinate Geometry Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

Creating Attribute data Metainformation Values Name: Bill Shop Address: 5 Market Place City: Kingston Owner: Ms J Shore Phone : 0181 547 1245 Area: 1300 sq m Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

How to record geographic data? Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

Physical representation< Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics