Modeling Divergent Evolution

Warm Up: Set up your notes in your notebook Page: 55 Title: Cladograms Date: 1/18 EQ: How can I model divergent evolution Standard: B8B Categorize organisms using a hierarchical classification system based on similarities and differences shared among groups

Essential question: How can I model divergent evolution? Standard: B8B Categorize organisms using a hierarchical classification system based on similarities and differences shared among groups Essential question: How can I model divergent evolution?

Cladograms by Bozeman

Divergent evolution can lead to speciation. Divergent evolution describes evolution toward different traits in closely related species. Divergent evolution can lead to speciation. kit fox red fox ancestor

EVOLUTIONARY CLASSIFICATION Biologists group organisms into categories that represent lines of evolutionary descent, or phylogeny, not just physical similarities. What is Phylogeny: The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms.

Cladograms A B C D E F Clade or lineage TIME The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Third Edition copyright © 1992 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Electronic version licensed from INSO Corporation; further reproduction and distribution restricted in accordance with the Copyright Law of the United States. All rights reserved. Speciation: formation of two new species from one

Classification using Cladograms Cladograms are diagrams that use derived characteristics to illustrate evolutionary relationships. What is a Clade: A group of organisms, such as a species, whose members share homologous features derived from a common ancestor.

Classification using Cladograms B C D E F Clade or lineage TIME The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Third Edition copyright © 1992 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Electronic version licensed from INSO Corporation; further reproduction and distribution restricted in accordance with the Copyright Law of the United States. All rights reserved. Speciation: formation of two new species from one

Classification using Cladograms The cladogram on the next slide shows the evolutionary relationship among several vertebrates.

Classification using Cladograms Jaws Lungs Claws or Nails Feathers Hagfish Fish Frog Lizard Pigeon Mouse Chimp Fur & Mammary Glands Speciation: formation of two new species from one Derived Characteristics

Cladogram Mini Lab Dinosaurs Derived Trait A B C D E F G Hole in Hip socket Yes Extension of pubis bone No Unequal enamel on teeth Skull has “shelf” in back Grasping Hands Three- Toed Foot

5 6 4 3 2 1 Primates Rodents & Rabbits Sharks Crocodiles Dinosaurs Ray finned fishes Amphibians 5 6 4 Two 3 2 Vertebra 1

A B C D E F G 6 3 Three –Toed Hind Food 5 Grasping Hand 2 4 1

Complete your cladogram assignment by the end of class CHAMPS C- Talk with the person next to you only H- Raise your hand and wait patiently A- Work on the assignment until it is complete M- Stay in your seat unless you need to sharpen your pencil P- Complete the activity and help your partner

For 1-8 Segmented Body Crushing Mouthparts Abdominal appendages

What do the lizard, pigeon, mouse, and chimp all have in common?