NASA and Human Space Exploration Radiation!

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Presentation transcript:

NASA and Human Space Exploration Radiation! Caitlin Nolby Space Studies Department, UND North Dakota Space Grant Consortium

Apollo Program Apollo 11 was the first manned-lunar landing. When? Landing: July 20, 1969. Who? Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, Michael Collins Saturn V Rocket: 36 stories tall How many men walked on the Moon? 12! One geologist (Harrison “Jack” Schmitt) How much moon rock? 842 pounds! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8V9quPcNWZE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MU0Rgpdujzo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZP7AVBdJYOg\ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f-FxhCZold0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cOdzhQS_MMw&feature=endscreen&NR=1

What is Radiation? Where does it come from? What do we get from the Sun? Energy – waves and particles Is all light the same? X-rays Infrared Visible Light Heat, light, helps plants grow, vitamin D,

Electromagnetic Spectrum Heat, light, helps plants grow, vitamin D,

Ultraviolet Radiation Can be good – Vitamin D! Too much can be harmful How do we stay safe? Does Earth protect us? Ozone Layer absorbs UV Sunglasses! Sunscreen! ? Magnetic Field! Good: healthy bones and immune system Bad: sunburn, skin cancer, wrinkly skin… Atmosphere!

Radiation in Space Wear Spacesuits No atmosphere – so what do astronauts do? Visors Live in stations

Radiation in Space Even with all of this protection, some radiation gets through Each day = 8 chest X-rays! 10x’s what we experience on Earth Astronauts wear dosimeters High energy X-rays Gamma Rays Cosmic Rays harmful to immune system, astronauts become susceptible to infection, once they reach certain levels – they do not continue to work in space

Spacesuit Requirements In Space… So, spacesuits have… There is no air to breathe Oxygen tanks!

Spacesuit Requirements In Space… So, spacesuits have… There is no air pressure to keep blood from boiling and gases in the body from expanding A pressure layer to keep body fluids and gases in their proper state

Spacesuit Requirements In Space… So, spacesuits have… Temperatures can reach 250 °F! A layer with tubes through which water flows and cools the body

Spacesuit Requirements In Space… So, spacesuits have… Temperatures can also go down to -250 °F! Layers to insulate the body from cool temperatures

Spacesuit Requirements In Space… So, spacesuits have… Tiny, high-speed rocks called micrometeoroids can injure astronauts Several layers of protective materials to prevent damage from micrometeoroids

International Space Station In-orbit construction began 1998 Continuously crewed since November 2000 Space Shuttle missions delivered equipment and parts How high and how fast? Orbits the Earth at 230 miles up, (~Grand Forks to Minot) One orbit every 90 minutes Karen Nyberg: graduate of UND Spot the Station Website http://spotthestation.nasa.gov/

Activity It is your job to build a new space suit for NASA astronauts on their way to Mars! You must test out which material best blocks UV radiation!