Recognise Healthy Body Systems In a Health Care Context HLTAP301A

Definition of health What is the definition of health …? Health is the state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, not merely the absence of disease.

Disease and illness What is the definition of disease …..? Disruption in the normal structure or function of any aspect of a person, mind, body and emotions. Illness signals an imbalance in the body between internal and external environment.

Disease and illness Pathogens Genetic conditions Birth defects Any micro-organism capable of causing disease Bacteria Virus Genetic conditions Inherited Hemophilia Birth defects Present at birth or environmental Cleft palate Thalidomide

Disease and illness Nutritional deficiencies Trauma Toxins Iron deficient anaemia Trauma Physical injury of cells or tissues MVA Toxins Poison Environmental factors Alcohol/drugs Degenerative changes Age, cancer

Prevention of disease Resistance may be due to age and health Primary prevention Remove risk factors Immunisation Secondary prevention Detect before symptoms Pap smear Tertiary prevention Reduce complications Clinical intervention

Orientation to human body There is a specific language of anatomy that is used to describe and locate Turn to page 5 (Recognise Healthy Body Systems) and complete activity 1.1

Orientation to human body Levels of structural organisation Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules Cellular level Smallest units of all living things Tissue level Formed by groups of cells with similar functions Organ level Organs are made up of different types of tissue

Orientation to human body Levels of structural organisation Systems level Organs working together to perform specific functions Organism level All organs systems working together to make the living body Turn to page 7 and complete activity 1.2

Human life processes Functions necessary to maintain life Maintaining boundaries Integumentary system Movement Musculo skeletal Cardiovascular Sensitivity or responsiveness Nervous system Endocrine system

Human life processes Functions necessary to maintain life Digestion Digestive system Metabolism Endocrine system Excretion Urinary system Skin

Human life processes Functions necessary to maintain life Reproduction Reproductive system Growth Endocrine system Respiration Respiratory system

Human life processes

Human life processes Homeostasis The ability of the body to maintain an internal balance

Anatomical terms The anatomical position The body is standing erect, facing forward with the upper extremities at the side palms of the hands face forward with thumbs pointing away from the body feet are slightly apart and flat on the floor

Anatomical position

Anatomical terms Body is also divided into parts using imaginary lines Sagittal plane Divides the body equally into left and right Frontal plane Divides the body into front and back halves Transverse plane Divides the body into upper and lower parts

Anatomical terms Body is divided into parts using imaginary lines Turn to page 9 and complete activity 1.3

Anatomical terms Body cavities are the spaces in the body that contain and protect internal organs Dorsal cavity Subdivided into cranial cavity and spinal cavity Ventral cavity Separated into thoracic cavity and abdomino-pelvic cavity

Anatomical terms

Anatomical terms Quadrants Further divide the abdominal cavity Right upper quadrant Left upper quadrant Right lower quadrant Left lower quadrant

Anatomical terms Regions Right hypochondriac Epigastric Left hypochondriac Right lumbar Umbilical Left lumbar Right iliac Hypogastric Left iliac