The Industrial Revolution Brain Warm Up – Define: 1. Urbanization 2. Capitalism

Definitions Movement of people from rural areas to cities. Urbanization Movement of people from rural areas to cities. Capitalism Economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and operated for profit. Industrialization- The process whereby society changes from agriculture and hand-made production go machine-driven mass production in factories.

Traditional Farming Methods List all of the MACHINES in the picture. How many POWER SOURCES are in the picture? What SOCIAL CLASSES are represented here? Using the picture, write a sentence describing life before industrialization.

How did the world go from this?

To this?

First came an Agricultural Revolution Improved Methods of Farming Enclosure Movement Population Explosion

First came an Agricultural Revolution Improved Methods of Farming Enclosure Movement Population Explosion Dikes for land reclamation Fertilizer Seed Drill – Jethro Tull Crop rotation

Improved Methods of Farming First came an Agricultural Revolution Improved Methods of Farming Enclosure Movement Population Explosion Dikes for land reclamation Fertilizer Seed Drill – Jethro Tull Crop rotation Rich landowners fenced in land formerly shared by peasant farmers. Output rose with fewer workers Tenants displaced Moved to cities

Improved Methods of Farming First came an Agricultural Revolution Improved Methods of Farming Enclosure Movement Population Explosion Dikes for land reclamation Fertilizer Seed Drill – Jethro Tull Crop rotation Rich landowners fenced in land formerly shared by peasant farmers. Output rose with fewer workers Tenants displaced Moved to cities Britain’s population rose from 5 million in 1700 to 9 million in 1800. Declining death rates Reduced risk of famine.

Urbanization In the mid 1700s, more than half the population of Britain lived and worked on farms. Between 1750 and 1851, displaced farming families moved to the cities to work in the new factories.

Next Came an Industrial Revolution -New scientific and technological changes -Major shift from skilled workers doing job in their homes to unskilled workers performing jobs in factories.

Charlie Chapman- Factory Work https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DfGs2Y5WJ14&index=1&list=PLkqzviz5ifFK0T7c909P6xuBi- roamMJg Turn to your partner and talk… How did the clip relate to the Industrial Revolution?

Industrialization: A process whereby a society changes from agriculture and hand-made production, to machine driven mass production in factories

Results of Classical Liberalism Chapter 5 Section 1 : Results of Classical Liberalism

CHECK UP… What does Laissez-faire Capitalism mean?

Because of Laissez-faire Capitalism… Business owners could… Risk investing in businesses Build factories Purchase machines/supplies Hire workers to work and sell the products. The rich got richer because they had money to pursue business during the Revolution. Government funds did not go to the poor but only benefitted the rich.

Urban Living Conditions Factory owners rushed to build housing Back to back row houses Several people in very small spaces Poor sanitation High disease rates Crime Massive pollution

Working Conditions and Wages Common working day: 12 – 14 hours One short break for lunch Work week: 6 days per week 80 degree heat Workers were beaten if they did not perform well. Hot, polluted factory air. Workers risked losing limbs from the machines. Low wages.

Child Labor Children shifted from farm work to factory work. 12 – 14 hour days 6 day weeks Lower wages than adults. Began at age 5. Mining work deformed bodies.

Child Labor As concerns about the welfare of children rose in mid 1800s, Parliament held investigations into working conditions. New laws and new labor unions improved conditions.

Income Gap and Cost of Living & Challenges of the Working Class Text Book Scavenger Hunt…

Life in Merry Old England

The Impact of the Railroad

“The Great Land Serpent”

“Upstairs”/“Downstairs” Life

Industrial Staffordshire

The Silent Highwayman - 1858 Problems of Pollution The Silent Highwayman - 1858

The New Industrial City

Early-19c London by Gustave Dore

Worker Housing in Manchester

Factory Workers at Home

Workers Housing in Newcastle Today

The Life of the New Urban Poor: A Dickensian Nightmare!

Private Charities: Soup Kitchens

Private Charities: The “Lady Bountifuls”

The Industrial Revolution lead to new ways of thinking

Capitalists

Adam Smith: Thought there should be no government regulation of business. A free market will produce more goods at lower prices, making them affordable by everyone. The basis of Capitalism.

Thomas Malthus: Population will outpace the food supply

David Ricardo: Poor having too many children, thus leading to a high labor supply and lower wages.

Reformers

John Stuart Mill: wanted government help for the poor he also wanted the workers and women to vote.

Jeremy Bentham “The goal of society is the greatest good for the greatest number.” There is a role to play for government intervention to provide some social safety net.

Robert Owen: actually built a factory based on the idea that an employer could offer decent living and working conditions and still make a profit.

Karl Marx He thought economics was really a struggle between the “haves” (upper class and merchants) and the “have nots” (working class.) wanted the workers to have a revolution to replace private ownership of property with cooperative ownership. Led to system of Communism.

British Reform Bill of 1832

British Reform Bills

The Industrial Revolution Economic Effects Social Effects New inventions and development of factories Rapidly growing industry in the 1800s Increased production and higher demand for raw materials Growth of worldwide trade Population explosion and a large labor force Exploitation of mineral resources Highly developed banking and investment system Advances in transportation, agriculture, and communication Long hours worked by children in factories Increase in population of cities Poor city planning Loss of family stability Expansion of middle class Harsh conditions for laborers Workers’ progress vs. laissez-faire economic attitudes Improved standard of living Creation of new jobs Encouragement of technological progress Political Effects Child labor laws to end abuses Reformers urging equal distribution of wealth (i.e. Karl Marx) Trade unions Social reform movements, such as utilitarianism, utopianism, socialism, and Marxism Reform bills in Parliament