GREECE The next few slides include some of terms and topics we have discussed on Greece. Please review.

REVIEW THESE TERMS TO KNOW #3 GREECE WARS + FAILURE OF POLIS REVIEW THESE TERMS TO KNOW Hegemony—dominate Demagogue—a political leader who gains power by appealing to people's emotions, instincts, and prejudices in a way that is considered manipulative and dangerous Medize—to go over to the other side; to join the enemy Barbarian—babbler—those who did not speak Greek Delian League—confederation of Greek poleis under the leadership of Athens. Originally formed to protect Greece from Persia. Members had to pay tribute to Athens! Peloponnesian League—Sparta formed this league to gain control over the constitutions of member states. Sparta’s goal: to prevent democracies & social turmoil.

NEW TERMS Timocracy — division of power according to one’s wealth Plutocracy — rule by birth—generally a noble birth (which means that there is also some wealth)

BE CERTAIN TO HAVE COMPLETED THIS CHART YEAR ATHENIAN LEADER POLICIES ASSESSMENT 621 b.c.e. DRACO 594 b.c.e. SOLON 560 b.c.e. PEISISTRAUS 500 b.c.e. CLEISTHENES 494 b.c.e. PERICLES

ATHENS

“Athens proceeded in orderly fashion from crisis to crisis.” After 750 b.c.e. Athens slowly progressed from: Monarch to Oligarchy to Democracy TERMS—eupatrids = aristocrats

HOW DID HE CONTRIBUTE TO THE PEOPLE or “DEMOS” OF ATHENS? CLEISTHENES, 500 b.c.e. Appointed by oligarchy to restore old order; HE HELD A GRUDGE AGAINST THE EUPATRIDS…WHAT WILL HE DO? Divided Athens into 10 districts; Each district had a 50 member law-making body: Took people from each region & put them into these district law-making bodies Opened almost ALL offices to ALL men; Introduced ostracism…WHY? any one who angered the DEMOS would be thrown out! HOW DID HE CONTRIBUTE TO THE PEOPLE or “DEMOS” OF ATHENS? The majority of the people were the underclass. He integrated them into the political system!

THE AGE OF PERICLES 460-429 b.c.e. Periclean Athens was: Direct democracy— a large number of citizens take direct part in day-to-day affairs of govt. Public officials were paid a fixed salary (stipend) Jury system— male citizens over 30 yrs. Of age were chosen by lot to serve on the jury for one year. Jurors were paid a stipend. Public Works Projects were initiated. Public festivals were given. Ended “oligarchy” of elder aristocrats

SPARTA

SPARTAN SOCIAL ORDER Location: Southern Peloponnesian Peninsula. Sparta’s population consisted of: Equals—adult male Spartan citizens over the age of 18. Equals held substantial rights of political participation—which was unusual at so early a date. Resident Aliens —indigenous people who were not citizens due to their ancestry (i.e., Dorians or other people); Helots —slaves; mostly conquered Messenians.

Spartan Political System TWO Deliberative Councils— Assembly—ALL EQUALS BELONGED: direct democracy; could propose and/or end wars; make a treaty; could not legislate only could set agenda Council—“guards of Sparta” 2 Kings 5 Ephors (overseers)—these were men over 60 who were to see that all laws passed would be in accordance with Spartan tradition. Secret Police —men between 18-20 years of age—spied on helots, resident aliens and snooped on ordinary equals. Totalitarian society.

Spartan Political System TWO Deliberative Councils— Assembly of ALL EQUALS BELONGED: Council—“guards of Sparta” 2 Kings 5 Ephors (overseers) Why appoint the youngest to be secret police? Secret Police —men between 18-20 years of age—spied on helots, resident aliens and snooped on ordinary equals.

SPARTAN SOCIAL SYSTEM WHAT WAS THE GOAL OF THIS SYSTEM? Babies inspected at birth: healthy ones were returned to their parents until 7 yrs. of age; Boys: Age 7 enrolled in military brotherhoods to which they belonged the rest of their lives. Ages 7-18 underwent rigorous physical and military training. Ages 18-20 served in secret service; After 20 boys entered regular army until the age of 60. Girls: Like boys inspected at birth; Underwent similar physical fitness training as the boys; By the age of 20 girls were partnered with Spartan male(s). Marriage was not companionate—sole function to produce more equals. WHAT WAS THE GOAL OF THIS SYSTEM? Create military excellence, discipline, and loyalty.