Scope of Prevention and Mitigation (DRR) Presentation-4

Human Development Improved access to education; Improved access to health care and nutrition; Safe housing and settlement structures; Reduced gender inequality; Institutional support structures for the weaker segments, like, differently abled persons, old people and orphans. Income, asset and livelihood diversification; Access to social safety nets. Sharing local and traditional knowledge, participatory action research and social learning; Building knowledge-sharing and learning platforms.

Poverty Alleviation Improved access to and control of local resources; Access to skill-generation facilities and services; Greater involvement in decision-making; Access to banking and insurance cover; Protection of land rights and share in use of common lands; Recognition of traditional rights and coping practices in regard to natural resources; Appropriate changes in cropping, livestock and aquaculture practices.

Ecosystem Management Maintaining wetlands and urban green spaces; Watershed and reservoir management; Identification of other stressors on ecosystems and of habitat fragmentation; Maintenance of bio-diversity; Protection of Village common lands; Community-based rural resource management. Protection of wildlife habitats and corridors; Effective disease surveillance and treatment facilities for the wildlife.

Ecosystem management Use of new varieties of crops and changes in cropping pattern; Knowledge-sharing on use of chemicals in fields and monitoring of their impact on ecology; Effective irrigation and water saving practices; Soil health surveillance and management; Assisted species migration and dispersal; Creation of Seed Bank, Gene bank and other ex situ conservation.

Spatial or Land Use Planning Managing development in flood prone and other high risk areas; Express Zoning regulations for the ecologically sensitive areas; Master Plans based on Intelligent Urban Planning principles and enforcement of zoning laws. Building an informed community to check the misuse/manipulation of environment protection laws and rules; Social audit of industrial and commercial establishments prone to cause air, water or land pollution. Identification/construction/upgradation of Evacuation/Relief Centres for both human and cattle.

Structural safety Upgrading building codes and practices to ensure safety of built environment; Exploring new technological options; Availability of open spaces; Effective storm and wastewater management; Effective solid waste management; Moving to Integrated Transport Management practices; Strict enforcement of fire and power safety norms. Promotion of Green Infrastructure; Evolving cost-effective retrofitting solutions and time-bound programme for retrofitting.

Institutional factors Disaster Management Plans at all levels and their mainstreaming ; Revisiting the existing laws and rules to align them to the needs of DRR and adaptation; Simplification and standardisastion of processes and procedures for timely and effective response; Creation/upgradation of institutional support mechanism within every agency of the government to take care of Prevention and Mitigation policies and programmes; Special focus on local self-government institutions; Strengthening of community level participatory planning mechanism.

Institutional factors Building robust and credible Early warning Systems; Comprehensive hazard and vulnerability mapping and monitoring; Inventory of search and rescue equipments; Creation of food and fodder banks and standardised process for their distribution to the needy; Mapping of health care facilities and ensuring easy access to the information on available services; Contingency plan for stockpiling essential medicines and medical equipments; Contingency plan for setting up field hospitals and movement of specialists to the needy areas. Improving damage assessment systems in post-disaster scenario. Putting in place DRR-oriented financial services comprising Insurance, Catastrophe Bonds, Payment for ecosystem services, Disaster Contingency Fund etc.

Household level Action Education on safe building norms and practices; Awareness generation about green technological option: Familiarising with electricity and fire safety norms; Education on water and power conservation practices and scientific disposal of solid waste; Familiarisation with safe evacuation plans and emergency services; Awareness generation of appropriate crops and cropping pattern, organic farming, eco-friendly agronomic practices, and diversified livelihood options. Education on importance of preservation of natural resources; Advocacy about the role of every member of community in keeping vigil and raising voice against factors that aggravate the risk of disasters.