Dawn of the Industrial Age Mr. Divett

Industrial Revolution People used to live in farming villages. In the mid-1700s machines replaced simple tools. This started in Britain. This became known as the Industrial Revolution.

Farming Village

Pre-Industrial Revolution People knew little about the world outside of their town. Most people had never travel further than a horse drawn cart could take them. Most people: Grew their own food Lived in cabins Lived by firelight and candle

Travel

Farming

Industrial Revolution Changes from the Industrial Revolution: Shift to towns and cities from villages Purchasing of clothing and food Travel by way of train and steamship Communication by telegraph Advances in science

Steam Locomotive

New Innovations The first use of anesthetic in dental work occurred between 1830 and 1855. The first sewing machine invented by an American. The speed of light was measured by a French physicist. Antiseptic techniques reduced death from childbirth.

Sewing Machine

More Changes Skyscrapers Suburbs

Agriculture Spurs Industry Farming methods were unchanged for 11,000 years. The Dutch were responsible for some of the first agricultural innovations: Dikes Fertilizer

British Improve on Dutch Methods Farming ideas spread through journals. New ideas: Mixing soils Crop Rotation Turnips growing to restore exhausted soil Seed drill, invented by Jethro Tull

Jethro Tull

Seed Drill

Enclosure The British Parliament passed legislation that facilitated enclosure. Enclosure is the taking over and consolidation of peasant land for farming. Farm output increased. Laborers found themselves out of work and had to move to cities to work with machines.

Population Increase Britain’s population increased from 5 million in 1700 to almost 9 million in 1800. Europe’s population rose from 120 million yo 180 million for the same period. This was due to: Reduced risk of death Surplus of food Better hygiene and sanitation

Population Increase

New Technology New energy: Coal Steam Thomas Newcomen developed steam engine in 1712 James Watt perfected it 1764 and it became the main power source of the Industrial Revolution. Steam was used to power locomotives and steamships

James Watt

Iron Coal was used to smelt iron, or separate the iron from its ore. This technique was pioneered by the Darby family. Iron was less expensive and better quality from the new technique. Abraham Darby III built the worlds first iron bridge. Iron later became used in railroads.

Iron

First Iron Bridge