Introduction to the Arduino

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What is an Arduino? Arduinos contain microcontrollers that are programmed to read inputs and perform various tasks. What is a microcontroller? A microcontroller is a small computer. Microcontrollers contain processor cores with memory and are able to be programed for input/output.

Arduino 14 Digital Input/Output Pins USB Cable Plug Integrated Circuit “Brains” of the Arduino External Power Supply Jack Power Pins 6 Analog Input Pins

If the Arduino is a computer, why do I need my computer to work with it? You use your computer to write a program, called a sketch. You upload the sketch to the Arduino. The sketch is processed (or run) on your Arduino, not your computer. Send to Arduino

Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) Contains the components to help you successfully write a sketch. Open New Sketch Upload Save Serial Monitor Menus Tab Control Verify Toolbar Text Editor Serial Monitor (prints out information from the Arduino) Message Area

How is the code structured? Open the example sketch: Blink (File  Examples  Basics  Blink) Header Section – contains information/comments on preceding sketch. It can sometimes contain code. Loop Function – Repeated indefinitely. This section contains code that tells the Arduino what to do. Setup Function – executed only once at the start. Initialize variables, pin modes, and start using libraries in this section.

How does the code work? Note: HIGH = 5V LOW = 0V (Always) voltage (V) time (ms) voltage (V) 0V 5V 1000 ms

Lighting an LED Build the circuit on your breadboard. Use the 5V and ground on your Arduino. 5V 220Ω + - 220Ω 5V same

Make LED blink repeatedly blink every half second. Rebuild the circuit to be powered by pin 8. Open the Arduino IDE. Load the blink sketch (File  Examples  Basics  Blink) Pin number is arbitrary as long as the physical pin matches the pin number written in your sketch. We will adapt this program to control the LED circuit on your breadboard. Pin 8 220Ω 220Ω same V of Pin 8

What needs to change? 8 8 8 500 8 500

Play around with Arduino. Some ideas: Change the time to 1.5 seconds on and 1 second off. Change the circuitry to be connected to digital pin 5 and adjust the program accordingly. Blink out SOS in Morse code (dot-dot-dot-dash-dash-dash-dot-dot-dot) three short pulses (0.25 seconds each) followed by . . . three long pulses (0.75 second each) followed by . . . a brief pause (1 second) repeat a through d using an infinite loop