By: Ella Chin, Michelle Gao, Victoria Gras, Matt Wold Lower Limb By: Ella Chin, Michelle Gao, Victoria Gras, Matt Wold

Major Bones in the Lower Limb 1. Femur(thighbone) Longest and heaviest bone 2. The Tibia(shinbone) and Fibula 3. Bones of the Tarsus(ankle) and foot

Femur(thighbone) 6 1. Neck 2. Articular surface of head 5 10

Femur 6.Greater Trochanter 3.Lesser Trochanter Large, rough projections that extend laterally from the juncture of the neck and shaft Where large tendons attach to the femur

Femur 4.Linea Aspera prominent elevation on the posterior surface marks attachment of muscles that pull the shaft to the midline (called Adduction) 5.Shaft of Femur

Femur 7.Medial Condyle 10.Lateral Condyle form part of the knee joint Patella(Not shown on femur diagram) Kneecap: glides over smooth anterior surface between lateral and medial condyles

Checkpoint! What is the kneecap called?

Femur 8. Medial epicondyle 9. Lateral epicondyle Large ends of the shaft *Fun Fact*

Tibia Shinbone, or large medial bone of the leg. Lateral and medial condyles of the Femur articulare with the lateral and medial condyles of the Tibia The patellar ligament connects the patella to the tibial tuberosity just below the knee joint.

Fibula Parallels the lateral border of the tibia Articulates with the tibia inferior to the lateral condyle of the tibia. Is an important surface for muscle attachment Distal Lateral malleolus provides lateral stability to the ankle.

The Foot http://www.arthursclipart.org/medical/skeletal/foot%20right%203.gif

The Foot -There are 14 Phalanges -There are 5 metatarsals

Heel Bone (Calcaneus) most of weight transmitted through the heel bone to the ground The posterior project of the calcaneus serves as the attachment site for the calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon)

Metatarsal Bones The rest of the body's weight is passed through the cuneiform and cuboid bones to the metatarsal bones support the sole of the foot

Checkpoint! What is the function of the metatarsal bones?

Organization of Bones Resembles the hand Numbered by Roman numerals I to V (medial to lateral) Distal ends form ball of foot Great toe (hallux) has 2 phalanges Other toes have 3

Bones of the Ankle (Tarsus) Talus Calcaneus Navicular Bone Cuboid Bone First Cuneiform Bone Second cuneiform Bone Third Cuneiform Bone *only talus articulates with tibia and fibula. the talus passes the body's weight to the ground through the foot bones

http://drugline.org/img/term/tarsus-bony-14742_0.jpg http://www.orthogate.org/patient-education/ankle/ankle-anatomy.html

Possible Injuries Femur fracture Tibia shaft fractures Stress Fractures Ankle Fracture

http://msjensen.cehd.umn.edu/webanatomy_arc hive/GAME/11.htm The Game http://msjensen.cehd.umn.edu/webanatomy_arc hive/GAME/11.htm

Works cited Cluett, Jonathon. "Femur Fracture." About.com. About.com Orthopedics, n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. <http://orthopedics.about.com/od/brokenbones/a/femur.htm>. "Fibula." The Encyclopedia of Science. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. <http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/F/fibula.html>. "Foot." Arthur's Clipart. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. <http://www.arthursclipart.org/medical/skeletal/foot%20right%203.gif>. Haverbush, Thomas J. "Interesting Facts about Bones." Online Orthopaedics. N.p., 1 Jan. 2012. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. <http://www.orthopodsurgeon.com/interesting.html>. Martini, Frederick H., and Edwin F. Bartholomew. Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology. Illus. William C. Ober and Claire W. Garrison. Ed. Leslie Berriman. Fourth ed. San Francisco: Pearson Education, 2007. Print. "Shin Splints." SPEAR. Spear Physical Therapy, n.d. Web. 19 Nov. 2012. <http://education.spearcenter.com/Injuries-Conditions/Ankle/Ankle-Issues/Shin-Splints/a~125/article.html>. "Tibia (Shinbone) Shaft Fractures." OrthoInfo. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, n.d. Web. 19 Nov. 2012. <http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00522>. *put in checkpoints and injury slide!!