U.S. History Objective 2.04

Goal 2 Expansion and Reform (1801 – 1850): The learner will assess the competing forces of expansionism, nationalism, and sectionalism.

Objective 2.04 Assess political events, issues, and personalities that contributed to sectionalism and nationalism.

James Monroe Democratic-Republican, elected 1816 His election begins the Era of Good Feelings – (1816 – 1824) – brief period of only one major political party Federalists had lost power (Hartford Convention)

Huh??? What is sectionalism? What is nationalism?

What was leading to sectionalism? Economic issues Foreign trade Cotton and plantations vs. manufacturing War of 1812 War Hawks Hartford Convention New England vs. South / West

Economic Sectionalism Cotton Kingdom in the South Helped along by Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin Industrial Revolution comes to the North began in Great Britain Helped along by Eli Whitney’s Interchangeable parts – parts that are exactly alike

Henry Clay Congressman from KY War Hawk – 1810 The “Great Compromiser” “I’d rather be right than be president.” Wanted to unite the country

How did he propose to do this? The American System – President James Madison’s plan – promoted by Clay – 3 parts 1 – develop transportation and other “internal improvements” 2 – establish a protective tariff (Tariff of 1816) 3 – Reestablish a national bank

“Internal Improvements” Roads, canals, etc. Erie Canal National Road

Protective Tariff (Tariff of 1816) Encouraged people to buy American goods Raised money for internal improvements Favored Northeasterners Not like by South and West

2nd Bank of the U.S. (BUS) Most agreed it would benefit all Would make available a currency guaranteed to be accepted nationwide

Not everyone trusted the bank Why? Panic of 1819 – chain reaction of bank failures, falling land prices, and foreclosures, most related to overspeculation in western lands. Many blamed 2nd National Bank as cause of hard times,

What is a Panic? A financial crisis Panic of 1819 - Causes Dramatic decline in cotton prices Contraction of credit by the Bank of the U.S. (to curb inflation) Congressional order requiring hard-currency payments for land Closing of factories due to foreign competition

Slavery Kept Americans on their toes up through the Civil War A delicate balance existed in the Senate between free and slave states 11 free states 11 slave states

Missouri???? Missouri plans to enter the Union Will it be slave or free? Missouri petitioned for entrance as a slave state Tallmadge amendment tried to end slavery there, but was defeated (Rep. James Tallmadge, NY)

Compromise is reached (with the help of Henry Clay) Missouri Compromise (Compromise of 1820) Missouri enters the Union as a slave state Maine enters the Union as a free state Slavery prohibited in the rest of the Louisiana Purchase south of 36’30

Southerners disliked the precedent of Congress making laws regarding slavery Northerners disliked its acqueisence in the expansion of slavery Nevertheless, it holds for 34 years (repealed by Kansas-Nebraska Act)