The Male and Female Reproductive System Chapter 20 : Section 2

Sexual Reproduction Fertilization: the joining of egg and sperm

Sexual Reproduction Egg - the female sex cell – one of the largest cells in the human body

Sexual Reproduction Sperm - the male sex cell – smaller than egg cell; tiny package of chromosomes that can swim

Sexual Reproduction Zygote – a fertilized egg

Male Reproductive System The male reproductive system is specialized to produce sperm cells and the hormone testosterone

Male Reproductive System Main structures Testes Scrotum Penis Penis Scrotum Testicle

Male Reproductive System vas deferens Seminal vesicles Prostate Cowper’s epididymis Add the terms highlighted in your book pg 267

Bladder Seminal vesicle Prostate Vas deferens Urethra Rectum Penis Epididymis Testicle Scrotum

The Testes Testes – clusters of coiled tubes Produce testosterone and sperm (over 100 million sperm/day) Testicle without the scrotum surrounding it

What’s testosterone? Testosterone – hormone responsible for adult male characteristics Facial hair Deepening of voice Broadening of shoulders Ability to produce sperm

The Testes Located in the scrotum which is an external pouch of skin Why do you think males have a scrotum?

The Testes This location keeps the testes at a slightly cooler temperature than the rest of the body About 2°C to 3°C below normal body temp. (37°C) Needed so sperm develop normally

Sperm Production begins during the teenage years

Male Puberty – quick overview Erection - the penis fills with blood and becomes hard Nocturnal emissions (wet dreams) Wet dreams occur with the penis becomes erect while sleeping and ejaculation occurs

Path of Sperm Cells Testicle: sperm made here Epididymis: A structure within the scrotum attached to the backside of the testes. Sperm matures here. It’s like sperm school 

Path of Sperm Cells

Path of sperm cells Epididymis Testicle

Path of Sperm Cells Vas deferens - A tube connecting the testes to the urethra; Passageway for sperm

Semen Semen - cloudy white fluid that carries sperm out of the body It keeps sperm from dehydrating and helps them swim. About 5-10 million sperm are in each drop of semen!!

Semen Producing Glands Semen producing glands are Cowper's gland, the Seminal Vesicles and the Prostate gland.

Semen Producing Glands Seminal Vesicles produces a large amount of the fluid that ultimately becomes semen Seminal vesicles

Semen Producing Glands Prostate Gland produces 1/3 of the fluid in ejaculation – the fluid gives sperm its nutrients Prostate gland

Semen Producing Glands Cowper’s gland produces clear sticky fluid when male is sexually excited – helps flush out any remaining traces of urine in the urethra Cowper’s gland

Male Reproductive System Ejaculation - semen leaves the body through an organ called the penis. Urethra - tube where semen travels – urine passes through here too. During ejaculation muscles near the bladder contract preventing urine and semen from mixing.

The Female Reproductive System Chapter 20: Section 2 – pgs. 268-270: Lady Parts

Female Reproductive System specialized to produce eggs and if an egg is fertilized, to nourish a developing baby until birth. It also produces estrogen and other hormones.

Estrogen Estrogen - produced by the ovaries. a hormone in females that triggers hips to widen, breasts to develop, and plays a role in egg cell development.

Female Reproductive System Main parts of the female reproductive system: Ovaries Fallopian Tubes Uterus Vagina

Female Reproductive System Fallopian tube ovary uterus endometrium cervix vagina

Ovaries Ovaries: the female reproductive structures that produce eggs. Ova is eggs in Latin.

Path of the egg Fallopian Tubes - passageway an egg travels from the ovary to the uterus. Fertilization usually occurs within the fallopian tubes.

Path of the egg Fallopian tube ovary

Uterus Uterus: a hollow muscular organ the size of a pear. If egg is fertilized, the zygote attaches to the wall of the uterus. If not fertilized, the egg leaves the body

Cervix Cervix: An opening at the base of the uterus which leads to the vagina.

Vagina Vagina: a muscular passageway leading to the outside of the body. It is also called the birth canal since the baby leaves the mother's body through it.

Guess the topic of this lesson from the following video clip. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ECVT0MymH5o&feature=related

Menstrual Cycle – the monthly cycle of changes that occurs in females.

When a girl goes through puberty one of the changes that occurs is that she will begin to menstruate or have periods. This is the female body’s way of preparing to reproduce

During the menstrual cycle, an egg develops in an ovary During the menstrual cycle, an egg develops in an ovary. At the same time, the lining of the uterus (endometrium) thickens in a way that prepares the uterus for a fertilized egg (zygote).

The menstrual cycle takes about 28 days The menstrual cycle consists of a number of stages

The menstrual cycle starts with the first day of a woman’s period. Extra tissue and blood from the endometrium (lining of the uterus) breaks down and leaves the body through the vagina. This is called menstruation Day 1-4

Day 5-13 Around day 7 the blood flow stops. The lining of the uterus begins to build up again. An egg enters the final steps of maturing in one of the ovaries Day 5-13

An egg is released by an ovary into a fallopian tube. This is called Ovulation Day 14

The egg can last up to 3 days after it is released from the ovary. The egg moves through the fallopian tube. It can be fertilized by sperm. The lining of the uterus thickens. Day 15 – 21

If the egg is fertilized, it attaches to the uterus. If the egg is not fertilized then the endometrium begins to break down. Day 22 – 28

The cycle starts over again... The cycle starts over again expelling the lining of the uterus and the egg. Remember this is known as a period or menstruation. Day 1 – 7