The Great Depression and the New Deal (1928-1941) Lesson 3 Two Presidents Respond

The Great Depression and the New Deal (1928-1941) Lesson 3 Two Presidents Respond Learning Objectives Evaluate Hoover’s approaches to resolving the Great Depression and how Americans reacted to them. Contrast Hoover’s approach to the economic crisis with Franklin D. Roosevelt’s approach. Describe the programs that were part of the first New Deal and their immediate effect on Americans’ lives. Identify the New Deal’s opponents and their major criticisms.

The Great Depression and the New Deal (1928-1941) Lesson 3 Two Presidents Respond Key Terms localism Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) trickle-down economics Hoover Dam Bonus Army Douglas MacArthur Franklin D. Roosevelt Eleanor Roosevelt “New Deal fireside chats Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) National Recovery Administration (NRA) Public Works Administration (PWA) Charles Coughlin Huey Long

Hoover’s Response Fails From big cities to farms and small towns, the Great Depression spread misery far and wide across America. The unemployed and the homeless crowded into shantytowns. Giant dust storms swallowed the Great Plains. As the crisis deepened, Herbert Hoover struggled to respond to the nation’s problems. In 1932, as a result of Hoover’s cautious and failed response, Americans would turn to a new leader who called for increased government intervention to try to stop the depression.

Hoover’s Response Fails Relying on Volunteerism Voluntary Cooperation Fails Hoover Reverses Course

Hoover’s Response Fails Two young residents of a shantytown in Washington, D.C. Determine Point of View What do the signs in the photo tell you about how the poor perceived the government’s role in the economic crisis?

Hoover’s Response Fails Analyze Charts Supply-side or 'trickle-down' economics is a theory that plays out differently based on economic circumstances. In theory, how would “trickle-down economics” generate economic growth?

Challenging Economic Times Lead to Protest From the Oval Office, Hoover worked hard to end the depression. But to many out-of-work Americans, the President became a symbol of failure. Some people blamed capitalism, while others questioned the responsiveness of democracy. Many believed the American system was due for an overhaul.

Challenging Economic Times Lead to Protest Calls for Radical Change The Bonus Army Marches on Washington The Protests End Badly

Challenging Economic Times Lead to Protest On huge collective farms like this one in the Soviet Union, the government owned the land, the equipment, the housing, and the crops produced, and controlled the labor force.

Americans Turn to Roosevelt In 1928, Herbert Hoover had almost no chance of losing his bid for the presidency. In 1932 however, he had almost no chance of winning reelection. With unemployment nearing 25 percent, people’s savings wiped out by bank failures, long lines at soup kitchens, stomachs grumbling from hunger, and the number of homeless increasing every day, the depression had taken its toll. Most Americans felt that their President had failed completely, and they were ready for a change. In July of 1932, the governor of New York, Franklin D. Roosevelt accepted the Democratic Party’s nomination for President.

Americans Turn to Roosevelt Political Success and Personal Challenge Roosevelt Becomes President Forming the Brain Trust

Americans Turn to Roosevelt During his campaign, Franklin D. Roosevelt met repeatedly with struggling Americans. Infer Why did Roosevelt make personal visits to impoverished areas in the run-up to the 1932 election?

Americans Turn to Roosevelt Analyze Maps Why is an election such as the 1932 Presidential election referred to as a 'landslide victory'?

The New Deal Begins During his first hundred days in office, which became known as the Hundred Days, Roosevelt proposed and Congress passed 15 major bills. These measures had three goals: relief, recovery, and reform. Roosevelt wanted to provide relief from the immediate hardships of the depression and achieve a long-term economic recovery. He also instituted reforms to prevent future depressions.

The New Deal Begins Restoring the Nation’s Confidence Reforming the Financial System Reforming Agriculture Creating the TVA Relief and Recovery

The New Deal Begins President Roosevelt talked directly to the American public through his “fireside” radio broadcasts. He used these broadcasts as an opportunity to calm the fears of the American people.

The New Deal Begins Analyze Maps Use the map and the text to describe specifically the number and nature of TVA projects, what states benefited, and how they benefited.

Critics of the New Deal While Roosevelt had little difficulty gaining support from Congress for his proposals, a minority of Americans expressed their opposition to the New Deal. Critics on the political right thought the changes the New Deal brought were too radical. Critics on the left thought that they were not radical enough. Several of FDR’s critics attracted mass followings and made plans to challenge him for the presidency in 1936.

Critics of the New Deal Too Much or Not Enough? Populist Critics Gain a Following

Critics of the New Deal Analyze Political Cartoons Cite evidence from the cartoon that supports the conclusion that New Deal programs had negative effects on the American public.

Quiz: Hoover’s Response Fails What was one reason that money funneled through the Reconstruction Finance Corporation didn't get to the people who needed it? A. It was used up by local and state governments. B. The money was wasted on loans to struggling businesses. C. Businesses did not use the money they borrowed to hire more workers. D. The money was sunk into massive and wasteful public works projects, like the Boulder Dam.

Quiz: Challenging Economic Times Lead to Protest Why did the Bonus Army march on Washington, D.C., in 1932? A. to protest the lack of quality healthcare for veterans B. to demand the early payment of an anticipated bonus C. to protest the socialist leanings of new reform initiatives D. to demand greater compensation for their military service

Quiz: Americans Turn to Roosevelt How did President Roosevelt’s treatment of the Bonus Army differ from Hoover’s approach? A. He agreed to the marchers’ demands instead of ignoring them. B. He took action by ordering the use of force rather than indifference. C. He confirmed that the government did not respect the marchers’ concerns. D. He showed that the government cared and sympathized with the marchers.

Quiz: The New Deal Begins How did President Roosevelt’s first fireside chats affect Americans? A. They helped mobilize volunteers. B. They helped restore trust in the banking system. C. They encouraged people to boycott specific banks. D. They instructed people to withdraw their funds from banks.

Quiz: Critics of the New Deal Which democratic principle did the American Liberty League accuse President Roosevelt of abandoning? A. freedom of speech B. checks and balances C. limited federal government D. free political self-determination