THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

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Presentation transcript:

THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 9th BIOLOGY THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Functions of the Circulatory System: Transport of: Oxygen Nutrients Immune cells Platelets for clotting Hormones Heat

Blood Vessels: Arteries- carry oxygen rich blood from the lungs to body cells Thick smooth muscle layer High pressure vessels Veins- carry blood with carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs Thinner muscle layer Low pressure One way valves to prevent backflow

Blood Vessels

Capillaries Ultra-thin vessels Red blood cells go through in a single file Areas of exchange: Gases- oxygen and carbon dioxide Nutrients- fats, glucose, proteins In kidneys, lungs, intestines and other areas where exchanges need to occur.

The Heart Made of cardiac muscle Has 4 chambers 2 atria (upper chambers) 2 ventricles (lower chambers) Has 4 valves- control flow of blood with each beat

The Heart Beat: Controlled by SA Node (the pacemaker)- bundle of tissues that fire an electrical signal to the AV Node for proper rhythm. Pulse- 70 beats per minute at rest Blood pressure- Amount of pressure exerted against the vessels during heart beat

Blood Flow From heart to the lungs  to body back to heart to lungs, etc. Picks up oxygen and drops off carbon dioxide(waste product of cellular respiration) at the lungs. Picks up carbon dioxide from body cells, goes to lungs for carbon dioxide to be exhaled.

Blood Components: Red blood cells White blood cells Carry oxygen via hemoglobin Made in bone marrow Have 120 day lifespan White blood cells Immune cells that fight infection Some make antibodies for long-term immunity

Blood components, cont. Platelets Plasma Cell fragments that help with blood clotting Activate other substances needed for clotting Plasma The liquid portion of blood Carries immune proteins and nutrients High water content

Blood Groups: ABO system + or – Rh factor, either it’s present or it’s not. Alleles are: I A, I B, i Remember you get one allele from each parent: IA/ IA or IA/ i = type A IA/ IB = type AB :universal recipient IB/ IB or IB/ I = type B ii = type O : universal donor

Circulatory System Disorders Atherosclerosis- narrowing of the arteries, causing higher blood pressure

CHD Coronary Heart Disease- coronary vessels become clogged with cholesterol and fat deposits, hindering blood flow to the heart muscle itself

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