Spain in the 17th and 18th Century

Spain in the 17th Century

Spain was economically under crisis because of wars over territory and religion. Territories were lost. Expenses increased. Spanish ships were attacked by pirates.

Spain’s population decreased during the 17th century. Famine due to poor harvests and plagues People died in wars Emigration to America Expulsion of Moriscos

Kings of the 17th Century

They appointed validos or ministers to represent them They appointed validos or ministers to represent them. The validos also controlled the government administration.

Felipe III Reigned between 1598-1621 Decline of Spain’s power and influence Depletion of gold and silver Economic decline of prosperous cities

Felipe IV Reigned between 1621-1665 Portuguese Revolution against Spain in 1640 Portugal’s independence in 1668

Carlos III Reigned between 1665-1700 No children End of Habsburg dynasty

The Golden Age

The Golden Age Many great works of art and literature Main styles: Renaissance and Baroque

The Golden Age: Baroque Painting Realism The way they transmitted emotion Velázquez, Ribera, Zurbarán, and Murillo

La rendición de Breda (The Surrender of Breda), 1635 Diego Rodriguez de Silva y Velázquez La rendición de Breda (The Surrender of Breda), 1635

Diego Rodriguez de Silva y Velázquez Portrait of Philip IV, 1635

Diego Rodriguez de Silva y Velázquez Las Meninas, 1656

San Jerónimo (Saint Jerome), 17th century José de Ribera San Jerónimo (Saint Jerome), 17th century

Francisco de Zurbarán Bodegón (Still Life), 1650

Francisco de Zurbarán St. Francis, 1632

Mujeres en la ventana (A Girl and her Duenna), 1675 Bartolomé Esteban Murillo Mujeres en la ventana (A Girl and her Duenna), 1675

Boys Eating Grapes and Melon, 1645–46 Bartolomé Esteban Murillo Boys Eating Grapes and Melon, 1645–46

The Flight into Egypt, c. 1645-50 Bartolomé Esteban Murillo The Flight into Egypt, c. 1645-50

The Golden Age: Baroque Architecture The Cathedral of Murcia La Clerecía in Salamanca

The Golden Age: Baroque Architecture The Plaza Mayor in Salamanca

The Golden Age: Baroque Literature The invention of the printing press helped the authors with the distribution of great literary works. Theatre Poetry Novels Félix Lope de Vega Tirso de Molina Pedro Calderón de la Barca Francisco de Quevedo Luis de Góngora Miguel de Cervantes Baltasar Gracián

Spain in the 18th Century

The Spanish War of Succession 1701-1714 French Bourbons vs Austrian Habsburgs Ended with the Treaty of Utrecht Netherlands and Italy – given to Austria Gibraltar and Menorca – given to the British

Kings of the 17th Century

Felipe V Fernando VI Carlos III Carlos IV

New form of government: Absolute monarchy Centralised government Felipe V

Modernisation of Spain Safer and more hygienic Hospitals, museums, and gardens Wider streets Fountains and monuments Supported the development of industry, agriculture and trade Carlos III

The Enlightenment Human reason over religion or authority Importance of education and involvement in politics

Francisco de Goya: The Court Painter The court painter for Carlos III and Carlos IV Explosion of light and colour

Review

Which of the following is not part of the privileged class? Bankers Monks Bishops Nobles

Which of the following is not part of the privileged class? Bankers Monks Bishops Nobles

True or False: Most people belonged to the privileged class.

True or False: Most people belonged to the privileged class. Answer: False Most people belonged to the unprivileged class.

Name the three kings of the 17th century. 1 point – Naming the three kings correctly 2 points – Naming them correctly and writing them in the correct order (first to last)

Name the three kings of the 17th century. Felipe III Felipe IV Carlos II

True or False: In the 17th century, the kings allowed ministers, called validos, to represent them.

True or False: In the 17th century, the kings allowed ministers, called validos, to represent them. Answer: True

Spain lost one of its territories in the 17th century, under Felipe IV’s reign. Which of the following is it? Netherlands Italy Menorca Portugal

Spain lost one of its territories in the 17th century, under Felipe IV’s reign. Which of the following is it? Netherlands Italy Menorca Portugal

Under whose reign did Spain start to lose power and influence in Europe? Felipe V Felipe III Carlos II Felipe IV

Under whose reign did Spain start to lose power and influence in Europe? Felipe V Felipe III Carlos II Felipe IV

Who is the last king of the Habsburg dynasty?

Who is the last king of the Habsburg dynasty? Answer: Carlos II

What is the main social problem of Spain in the 17th century?

What is the main social problem of Spain in the 17th century? Answer: Decrease in Spain’s population

What do you call the war that developed due to Carlos II not having an heir to the throne? The Spanish War of Recession The Spanish War of Succession The Forty Years’ War The Thirty Years’ War

What do you call the war that developed due to Carlos II not having an heir to the throne? The Spanish War of Recession The Spanish War of Succession The Forty Years’ War The Thirty Years’ War

What Spanish territories were given to the British with the signing of the Treaty of Utrecht?

What Spanish territories were given to the British with the signing of the Treaty of Utrecht? Answer: Gibraltar and Menorca

What Spanish territories were given to Austria with the signing of the Treaty of Utrecht?

What Spanish territories were given to Austria with the signing of the Treaty of Utrecht? Answer: The Netherlands and Italy

What new form of government did Felipe V establish? Absolute oligarchy Constitutional monarchy Absolute monarchy Democracy

What new form of government did Felipe V establish? Absolute oligarchy Constitutional monarchy Absolute monarchy Democracy

What do you call the period that emphasized the belief of human reason over religion or authority?

What do you call the period that emphasized the belief of human reason over religion or authority? Answer: Enlightenment

In 30 seconds, write the contributions of Carlos III to the modernization of Spain.

In 30 seconds, write the contributions of Carlos III to the modernization of Spain. Sewage systems Museums Development of industry, agriculture and trade Water systems Botanical gardens Street lighting Wider streets Pavements Fountains Hospitals Monuments