Open Access and research libraries Open Access (OA), is new to research libraries, in the sense that we create or we are given new tasks connected to OA. OA policy has been implemented and several countries and within EU’ research program Horizon 2020 it is demanded that research results are published with open access., and also the Research council of Norway supports it.

Why Open Access? Because information and knowledge should be freely available Because the research is shared in solidarity with those who can not afford to purchase access to it Because the research is paid for with tax money Because Open Access contributes to increased distribution of research - including new user groups Because the author do not relinquish all rights to the publication to a publisher (http://www.cristin.no/english/open-access- eng/) We are all familiar with this «circle»: Researchers write articles, often for projects supported by public financing. Then they publish their articles in an international journal without compensation. Then the libraries have to pay in order to get access to the article for their researchers. The publishers doesn’t pay the author, or the review committee, and the costs of e-publishing are so low that the profit is sky-high for publishers! For research libraries the larger parts of our budgets are used on journal collections, and even the large university libraries in Norway can’t afford to subscribe to everything they need. Ref. Guidelines: The fact that publicly funded research is not publically available is deeply problematic, (with the exception of cases involving privacy concerns and security related matters). Only around 16% of Norwegian scholarly research articles published in 2015 were openly accessible. The remaining articles were published in traditional journals, where only those who had access via a paid subscription were able to read them.

Three ways to Open Access Gold Open Access: The journal is open, that is; publishing under an open lisence. Services: DOAJ, NSD, Self-archiving: The author is allowed to publish an earlier version of the article in an institutional archive, pre-refereed or post-refereed versions. Often the publisher demand an embargo period. Service: SHERPA Hybrid publishing: Most publishers give the author a choice to buy free the article in a traditional journal, called APC. The author then keeps all publishing rights, including economic rights, to the article. Places to check the journals: DOAJ: directory of open access journals is the best place , NSD norwegian register for scientific journals, series and publishers is a norwegian site, connected to CRISTIN (current reserearch system in norway) where all reserachers are supposed to register all their scientific publication etc. How to find the publishers policy: SHERPA - Publisher copyright policies & self-archiving - has information about all journals and their policy towards oa.

National Guidelines for Open Access in Norway The European Union Competitiveness Council recently agreed that all publically funded scientific papers published in Europe should be made free to access by 2020. The Norwegian Government aims to make Norway a cautious forerunner in the work to make research results openly available, the State Secretary Bjørn Haugstad stated at the EU conference on open access in April. An additional important point in the proposal for national guidelines is the adjustment of the current model for rewarding the publishing of scientific papers. Read a short version of the national guidelines for Open Access – The EU goal of full open access by 2020 is ambitious, and we want Norway to support this goal, states the head of the working group, Torkel Brekke. - Only around 16% of Norwegian scholarly research articles published in 2015 were openly accessible. The remaining articles were published in traditional journals, where only those who had access via a paid subscription were able to read them. –incentives: The Norwegian model: a unique weighting factor for publishing open access in the Norwegian publication indicator, (a system for documenting Norwegian academic publishing with the aim of measuring publication activity and allocating research funding). The publication indicator already plays a role in adjusting the behaviour of researchers using various incentives, so this additional incentive is neither new nor particularly radical, states the working group in their report. a repository The working group also recommends …- … a requirement that research articles are deposited in. And the establishment of a national repository in order to facilitate this. CRIStin = secretariat for working group.

How wil oa implicate research libraries? We had read the guidelines proposal, and we were a bit suprised that nobody mentioned the research libraries as a partner in implementing oa guidelines. Thus we wrote an article for Bok & Bibliotek in Norway to try to show how useful it would be to support the research libraries in doing this.

New tasks Open archive management: Choosing and designing, implementing policy, user guidelines, etc. Expert advisor for the institution; copyright and the use of licenses, publishing agreements, etc. Archive administrator: accession rights, archiving and publishing in accordance with different oa rules (embargo etc.). Researcher support: how to publish, where to publish, how to comply with project requirements, etc. Library as a publisher of oa journals. We pointed at how oa would mean new tasks for the research library. I had done a literature review in 2015 called Open Access, academic libraries and the development of the librarian-profession where I identified several new tasks. It was also interesting to find that among library leaders there was a common view that oa was the most important issue for resarch libraries in the future. I also think, that these tasks naturally belong to us, as an extension of our responsibilities as librarians.

NUPIs institutional archive In Norway a lot of institutions uses Brage as an archiving system for open access literature. It was created in 2007 and has grown steadily since then. In 2014 it included 55 archives, and in 66 per 2016

In Brage you are able to set an embargo period if necessary, you can specify a creative commons license, and you can have different versions of a publications. Also the possibility to have closed/hidden collections, that is they are only available to the administrator and the persons she/he specifies. Ca 500 dok. More than 15000 downloads in 2015. Harvested by Google scholar, Oria, etc. Soon also OpenAire. Altmetrics: measure impact in social media.

Resarch libraries: a success factor! We have the knowledge We will need help National data systems Cooperation Meeting places We do the quality checking of scientific literature in CRISTIN. We have the skills of knowledge management and how to organize information, (In our profession many of us have already worked with publishing grey literature). We se the downside of scientific publishing as we have trouble getting the journals our researchers need because they ar too expensive. We know every trick in the book about how to get informations for free or the cheapest way. We are more or less used to negotiate agreements with publishers. We are many librarians working more or less alone in a research library. The new mantra in management is «lean administration». This, for many libraries means that we loose competence f.i. when one of our collegues quits,, he or she is often not replaced. Or our institution needs to save money. But we don’t get less to do because we still try to do it all. This is why we were disappointed that nobody mentioned to strengthen the research libraries so as to make them able to cope with new tasks like the ones I have mentioned today. The new guidelines mentions researchers of course, but the rest is just «infrastructure».In order to manage we have to have an understanding about our role in this. We need for the different systems to interact and support our work. They must be user friendly, also for us superusers and administrators. Large institutions like the National library, CRISTIN, etc should consider how they can be of assistance to small libraries, we want guidance and courses and to use their resources; (f.i. about copyright at the National Library). And finally we will need «meeting places» where we can meet with colleagues and exchange information.

Ref. guidelines proposals: “An additional aim must be that researchers will consider it natural and beneficial to publish in journals that are openly accessible to the public.” Strengthening the small research libraries will make the implementation of National guidelines for Open Access to research results a lot easier because the researchers will get practical advice about where and how to publish. The academic librarian is important to this work. So strengthening the small research libraries will make the implementation of National guidelines for Open Access to research results a lot easier because the researchers will get practical advice about where and how to publish. The academic librarian is important to this work.