Refining the Refomration The History of Christianity Refining the Refomration © John Stevenson, 2016

St Bartholomew Day Massacre Timeline Queen Elizabeth King James Version Henry VIII Church 95 Theses Spanish Armada sunk America Discovered Zwingli at Zurich Dutch Revolt 1480 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 1600 Martin Luther St Bartholomew Day Massacre Ulrich Zwingli Edict of Nance John Calvin John Knox

Heidelberg Catechism Death of Melanchthon (1560) 1563 Death of Melanchthon (1560) Growth of Calvinism in Germany Elector Frederick III of Palatinate Catechism Diet of Augsburg (1566)

Representatives have authority in the church Lutherans Calvinists Predestination not a focus Predestination emphasized Representatives have authority in the church Only religious authority is the Bible Body and blood of Christ have physical presence in bread and wine Body and blood of Christ have only spiritual presence in bread and wine Vestments worn by priests Rejection of vestments by ministers Ornamentation and artwork used in church Rejection of all images in church

The Dutch Revolt Calvinist ministers lead to iconoclasm 1566 Calvinist ministers lead to iconoclasm Philip II of Spain sends Duke of Alva to punish them Council of Blood Even Catholics resented Alva William the Silent

The Dutch Revolt Unpaid Spanish soldiers aid rebels Inca gold 1566 Unpaid Spanish soldiers aid rebels Inca gold William seeks to have freedom of religion William the Silent

The Dutch Revolt Belgic Confession Religious refugees

St Bartholomew Day Massacre 1572 Catholics ruled France under sons of Catherine de Medici Nobles turning to Calvinism: Huguenots Marriage of Catholic Margaret of Valois to Huguenot Henry of Navarre

St Bartholomew Day Massacre 1572 Attempted assassination of Huguenot noble Fearing an uprising, de Medeci had her son authorize the murder of all Huguenot leaders

St Bartholomew Day Massacre 1572 Attempted assassination of Huguenot noble Fearing an uprising, de Medeci had her son authorize the murder of all Huguenot leaders 70,000 Protestants killed in France

St Bartholomew Day Massacre 1572 Henry of Navarre Henry III Henry of Guise Protestant but next in line for the throne Last surviving son of Catherine de Medici & King of France Head of Catholic League

The Three Henrys Henry of Navarre Henry III Henry of Guise Protestant but next in line for the throne Forced to flee Paris Invaded Paris on the Day of the Barricades (1588)

The Three Henrys Henry of Navarre Henry III Henry of Guise Protestant but next in line for the throne Has Henry of Guise murdered

The Three Henrys Henry of Navarre Henry III Protestant but next in line for the throne Murdered by a Roman Catholic monk

Huguenots in France Henry of Navarre converts to Catholicism to become King of France “Paris is worth a mass” Edict of Nance (1598) Huguenots allowed to worship privately Banned from Paris & other major cities

Jacob Arminius Studied under Theodore Beza 1560-1609 Studied under Theodore Beza Professor of theology at University of Leiden in Netherlands His followers published five points of remonstrance against Calvinism

Articles of Remonstrance 1610 Election is based upon man’s faith Universal atonement Man needs to be regenerated in order to believe The Holy Spirit works in man to believe, but man can resist the Spirit’s work It is possible for believers to fall from grace and be lost

Christ died for each and every man Arminians Calvinists God determined to save whoever would believe in Jesus God determined to save certain people and bring them to faith in Jesus Christ died for each and every man Christ’s death brought some men to salvation Men are saved by using their own free will to accept God’s grace Men are saved as God draws them to His grace God’s grace is resistible God’s grace is irresistible People retain their salvation only as they persevere in faith The Lord will cause all of those whom He has chosen to persevere

Synod of Dort Held at Dordrect in Netherlands Condemned Arminianism 1618 - 1619 Held at Dordrect in Netherlands Condemned Arminianism

Amyraldism Moses Amyraut, French theology professor Took issue with Limited Atonement (4-point Calvinist) Seen by some as a compromise between Calvinism vs Arminianism

Jansenism Cornelius Jansen, Roman Catholic Bishop of Ypres Wrote on Augustinian Theology, but not published until after his death in 1638 Human depravity Necessity of effective grace Justification by faith Predestination

Jansenism Cornelius Jansen, Roman Catholic Bishop of Ypres Wrote on Augustinian Theology, but not published until after his death Convent at Port Royale influenced by his book Entire convent excommunicated

Jansenism Papal Bull condemning Jansenism: Without God’s enabling grace, fallen humans cannot exercise faith or merit God’s favor God’s grace cannot be resisted Christ died to secure salvation for the elect