Barry County MiPHY Results 2010-2012-2014-2016 Joseph Sutton Kathleen Zimmerman-Oster, Ph.D University of Detroit Mercy TEST, Incorporated

Michigan Profile for Healthy Youth (MiPHY) The Michigan Profile for Healthy Youth (MiPHY) was completed by 7, 9, and 11th grade students in Barry County and in several other counties across the state of Michigan. The results in this report reflect student survey responses from schools that voluntarily participated in Barry County and may not be representative of all middle and high schools in the county. Students completed an online, anonymous questionnaire. Survey procedures were designed to protect the privacy of students by allowing for anonymous and voluntary participation. Local parental notification procedures were followed before survey administration. Additional data can be accessed at http://www.michigan.gov/mde/0,1607,7-140-28753_38684_29233_44681---,00.html This representation of MiPHY data only represents Barry County

Measurement Concerns Despite the support and redesign of the MiPHY provided by the Michigan Department of Education, the survey has a few issues that indicate coalitions should interpret their results with caution because of the following concerns: “Respondent confusion” - especially for 7th grade students who may not have heard of some of the drugs mentioned. “Respondent fatigue” – a lot of personal questions are asked in a short period of time. Poor wording – some of the survey items list multiple drugs in one question, posing a variety of possible errors in interpretation by the students. Changes in the 2014 tool create a less than perfect comparison to the waves collected in 2010 and 2012. Additional Recommendation: Listening Sessions should be conducted to better understand student perceptions about the MiPHY questions and about drug related attitudes and behavior.

Information Gathered Participant Demographics Protective Factors Perception of Risk of Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drugs (ATOD) Perception of Availability of ATOD Perception of Peer Attitudes toward ATOD Student Use of ATOD Student Suicidal Risk Factors These are the main topics that data was collected for

Demographics - Gender 2016 49% 51% N=1,431 N=1,873 N= 1,823 N= 1,757 Male N= 709 Female N= 662 Male N= 943 Female N= 930 Male N= 929 Female N= 894 Males N= 876 Female N= 881

Demographics - Race N=1,323 N=1,795 White N= 1206 Asian N= 5 Hispanic/Latino N= 69 Black N= 13 Arab/Chaldean= N/A American Indian N= 30 White N= 1,617 Asian N= 12 Hispanic/Latino N= 125 Black N= 12 Arab/Chaldean N= 10 American Indian N= 19

Demographic Race Cont. N=1,661 N= 1,823 White N=1,437 White N= 1,495 Asian N= 11 Hispanic/Latino N= 145 Black N= 17 Arab/Chaldean N= 10 American Indian N= 50 White N=1,437 Hispanic/Latino N=160 Black N=15 Asian N= 6 Arab/ Chaldean N=13 American Indian N=30

Demographics - Grade N=1,373 N=1,882 N= 1, 830 N= 1,756 7th N= 498

Tobacco

7th N= 165 9th N= 245 11th N= 297 County N= 542 % of students who reported sort of easy or very easy to get cigarettes. Desired direction – we want a lower percentage of youth to think it is easy to get cigarettes. Percentage is steadily decreasing County data is a combination of 9th and 11th grade data 2010 7th N= 145 9th N= 240 11th N= 302 County N= 542 2012 7th N= 160 9th N= 299 11th N= 421 County N= 720 2016 7th N=121 9th N= 239 11th N= 327 County N= 566 2014 7th N= 165 9th N= 245 11th N= 297 County N= 542

7th N= 501 9th N= 546 11th N= 435 County N= 981 % of students who reported regular cigarette use to be a moderate or great risk. Undesired direction in 7th graders, desired direction in 9th graders. 11th graders nearly stayed the same as pervious year. 2010 7th N= 395 9th N= 364 11th N= 357 County N= 721 2012 7th N= 499 9th N= 553 11th N= 554 County N= 1,107 2014 7th N= 501 9th N= 546 11th N= 435 County N= 981 2016 7th N=474 9th N=500 11th N= 470 County N= 970

7th N= 591 9th N= 485 11th N= 332 County N= 817 % of students who reported cigarette use by peers to be wrong or very wrong. Desired direction for 7th. undesired for 9th and 11th graders – we want youth to think peer use is wrong. 2010 7th N= 442 9th N= 354 11th N= 260 County N= 614 2012 7th N= 587 9th N= 527 11th N= 404 County N= 931 2014 7th N= 591 9th N= 485 11th N= 332 County N= 817 2016 7th N= 542 9th N= 471 11th N= 372 County N= 843

7th N= 629 9th N= 603 11th N= 472 County N= 1,075 % of students who reported their parents felt cigarette use to be wrong or very wrong. Kids know their parents think its wrong. 2010 7th N= 467 9th N= 428 11th N= 375 County N= 803 2012 7th N= 587 9th N= 611 11th N= 550 County N= 1,160 2014 7th N= 629 9th N= 603 11th N= 472 County N= 1,075 2016 7th N= 570 9th N= 577 11th N= 514 County N= 1091

% Of Youth Who Been Exposed to Secondhand Smoke In the Past 7 Days N/A N/A N/A N/A 2010 2012 7th N= N/A 9th N=N/A 11th= N/A County N=N/A 7th N=266 9th N= 325 11th N= 290 County N= 615 2014 2016 7th N= 242 9th N= 256 11th= 290 County N= 615 7th N=213 9th N=257 11th N= 230 County N=487

% of Students Exposed to Secondhand Smoke Daily During the Past 7 Days N/A N/A N/A N/A 2010 2012 7th N=N/A 9th N= N/A 11th N= N/A County N= N/A 7th N= 78 9th N= 89 11th N=72 County N= 161 2014 2016 7th N=60 9th N= 65 11th N= 63 County N= 128 7th N= 42 9th N= 57 11th N= 61 County N= 118

% of students who ever smoked a whole cigarette (lifetime). Desired direction for 7th and 9th graders. Undesired direction in 11th graders. – we want number of less students smoking whole cigarettes (life time) 2010 7th N= 32 9th N= 79 11th N= 150 County N= 229 2012 7th N= 29 9th N= 117 11th N= 187 County N= 229 2016 7th N= 5 9th N= 102 11th N= 155 County N= 257 2014 7th N= 15 9th N= 109 11th N= 132 County N= 241

7th N= 19 9th N= 47 11th N= 48 County N= 95 % of students who have smoked cigarettes in the past the 30 days (recent) Desired direction for 7th and 9th graders. Undesired direction by 11th graders.-we want to lower the number of students whom smoked a cigarette in the last 30 days. 2010 7th N= 15 9th N= 46 11th N= 78 County N= 124 2012 7th N= 11 9th N= 52 11th N= 88 County N=124 2016 7th N= 5 9th N=40 11th= 62 County N=102 2014 7th N= 19 9th N= 47 11th N= 48 County N= 95

7th N= 0 9th N= 9 11th N= 19 County N= 28 % of students who smoked cigarettes on 20 or more days of the past 30 days (frequent) Desired direction. –we want casual cigarette usage in a monthly time period to decrease. 2010 7th N= 1 9th N= 16 11th N= 40 County N= 56 2012 7th N= 0 9th N= 16 11th N= 39 County N= 56 2016 7th N=3 9th N= 7 11th N= 19 County N= 26 2014 7th N= 0 9th N= 9 11th N= 19 County N= 28

% of students who used an electronic vapor product during the past 30 days (frequent) 2016 7th N= 20 9th N=78 11th N= 105 County N= 183

Summary - Tobacco Results between 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016: Tobacco is less easy for 7th graders to get from 2010-2016 . Past 30 Day Use of cigarettes has decreased in 7th and 9th graders Frequent use (20 out of the past 30 days) of tobacco has decreased in 9th and 11th graders. Lifetime Use of tobacco (ever smoked) has decreased in 7th and 9th graders. Tobacco use is less acceptable.

Summary - Tobacco CHALLENGES Between 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016: At middle and high schools in Barry County, students in higher grades report: It is easier to obtain cigarettes. Cigarettes smoking by peers to be less wrong or risky. Higher lifetime use and recent use. Regular cigarette use is perceived as less risky by 7th and 11th graders.

Alcohol

% of students who reported sort of easy or very easy to get alcohol. Desired direction in 7th and 9th graders. Undesired direction in 11th graders.-we want less students to report easy or very easy to get alcohol. 2012 7th N= 195 9th N= 349 11th N= 421 County N= 770 2010 7th N= 165 9th N= 268 11th N= 288 County N= 542 2016 7th N= 168 9th N= 310 11th N=388 County N= 698 2014 7th N= 199 9th N= 337 11th N= 326 County N= 663

7th N= 421 9th N= 457 11th N= 343 County N= 800 % of students who reported regular alcohol use to be a moderate or great risk. Undesired direction in 7th Grade and 11th grade. Desired direction in 9th grade.- We want more students to report reg alcohol use to be a moderate or great risk Percentages very similar across all grade levels 2010 7th N= 338 9th N= 300 11th N= 284 County N= 584 2012 7th N= 431 9th N= 486 11th N= 438 County N= 924 2016 7th N= 402 9th N= 425 11th N= 395 County N= 820 2014 7th N= 421 9th N= 457 11th N= 343 County N= 800

7th N= 348 9th N= 467 11th N= 328 County N= 795 % of students who reported alcohol use by peers to be wrong or very wrong. Desired direction. – We want more students to report alcohol use by peers to be wrong or very wrong 2010 7th N= 425 9th N= 296 11th N= 213 County N= 509 2012 7th N= 552 9th N= 477 11th N= 355 County N= 832 2016 7th N= 530 9th N= 465 11th N= 361 County N= 826 2014 7th N= 348 9th N= 467 11th N= 328 County N= 795

7th N= 614 9th N= 581 11th N= 453 County N= 1,034 % of students who reported their parents felt regular alcohol use to be wrong or very wrong. Desired direction.- We want more students to report that their parents believed reg alcohol use was wrong or very wrong. 2012 7th N= 573 9th N= 577 11th N= 516 County N= 1,093 2010 7th N= 448 9th N= 398 11th N= 333 County N= 731 2016 7th N= 564 9th N= 567 11th N= 502 Country N= 1,069 2014 7th N= 614 9th N= 581 11th N= 453 County N= 1,034

% of students who have ever drank alcohol (lifetime). Undesired direction for 11th graders.-We want less students to have ever drank alcohol. Over 55% of 11th graders have drank alcohol at least once in their lifetime N/A 2010 7th N= 75 9th N= 149 11th N= 220 County N= 369 2012 7th N= 46 9th N= 210 11th N= 414 County N= 524 2014 7th N= 46 9th N= 227 11th N= 277 County N= 504 2016 7th N= N/A 9th N= 195 11th N= 325 Country N= 520

7th N= 27 9th N= 87 11th N= 110 County N= 197 % of students who had at least one drink of alcohol during the past 30 days (recent) Undesired direction. –We want less students drinking less casually in a 30 day time period. 2010 7th N= 35 9th N= 71 11th N= 105 County N= 176 2012 7th N= 18 9th N= 103 11th N= 158 County N= 261 2016 7th N= 32 9th N= 89 11th N= 144 County N= 233 2014 7th N= 27 9th N= 87 11th N= 110 County N= 197

% of students who have ever been drunk (lifetime). Desired direction for 11th, undesired for 7th and 9th graders.- We want less students whom have ever been drunk (lifetime). 2010 7th N= 36 9th N= 86 11th N= 165 County N= 251 2012 7th N= 17 9th N= 118 11th N= 234 County N= 352 2016 7th N= 6 9th N= 114 11th N=232 County N=346 2014 7th N= 5 9th N= 110 11th N= 217 County N= 327

7th N= 11 9th N= 41 11th N= 66 County N= 107 % of students who had 5 or more drinks of alcohol in a row, that is, within a couple hours, during the past 30 days (binge) Undesired for 9th and 11th graders. We want to decrease number of students whom binge drink in a 30 day period. 2010 7th N= 13 9th N= 42 11th N= 69 County N= 111 2012 7th N= 8 9th N= 53 11th N= 104 County N= 157 2016 7th N= 10 9th N= 50 11th N= 83 County N= 133 2014 7th N= 11 9th N= 41 11th N= 66 County N= 107

Summary - Alcohol SUCCESSES Between 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016: Alcohol is less easily assessable to 7th and 9th graders. Lifetime Use of alcohol (ever drank) has decreased for 7th and 11th graders. Alcohol use is less acceptable for 9th and 11th graders.

Summary - Alcohol CHALLENGES Between 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016: At middle and high schools in Barry County, students in higher grades report: It is easier to obtain alcohol. Higher lifetime use, recent use, and binge drinking. Alcohol is perceived as less risky across all grades. Lifetime Use of alcohol (ever drank) has increased for 9th graders in 2010 and 2014. Alcohol has become more acceptable in 7th graders.

Marijuana and Rx Drug

% of students who reported sort of easy or very easy to get marijuana. Desired direction for 7th Graders. Undesired for 9th and 11th graders.- We want less students to report its easy or very easy to get marijuana. 2010 7th N= 77 9th N= 154 11th N= 237 County N= 391 2012 7th N= 69 9th N= 210 11th N= 357 County N= 567 2014 7th N= 65 9th N= 182 11th N= 267 County N= 449 2016 7th N= 57 9th N=192 11th N= 323 County N= 515

7th N= 399 9th N= 365 11th N= 215 County N= 580 % of students who reported regular marijuana use to be a moderate or great risk. Desired direction in 7th graders. Undesired in 9th and 11th graders.- We want more students to report regular marijuana use to be a moderate or great risk. 2010 7th N= 377 9th N= 238 11th N= 258 County N= 586 2012 7th N= 455 9th N= 477 11th N=360 County N= 837 2014 7th N= 399 9th N= 365 11th N= 215 County N= 580 2016 7th N= 371 9th N= 302 11th N= 216 County N= 518

% of students who ever tried marijuana (lifetime) Desired direction in 7th graders. Undesired in 9th and 11th graders. –We want to decrease the number of students whom has ever tried marijuana.(lifetime). 2010 7th N= 9 9th N=76 11th N= 147 County N=223 2012 7th N= 14 9th N= 111 11th N= 222 County N= 333 2016 7th N=4 9th N=116 11th N=207 County N= 323 2014 7th N= 8 9th N= 97 11th N= 168 County N= 265

% of students who used marijuana during the past 30 days (recent) Desired direction for 7th graders. Undesired direction for 9th and 11th graders.- We want to decrease the number of students whom used marijuana during the past 30 days. 2010 7th N= 13 9th N= 42 11th N= 67 County N= 109 2012 7th N= 8 9th N= 62 11th N= 110 County N= 172 2016 7th N= 13 9th N= 58 11th N= 103 County N= 161 2014 7th N= 15 9th N= 48 11th N= 87 County N= 135

7th N= 10 9th N= 20 11th N= 27 County N= 47 % of students who took a prescription drug such as Ritalin, Adderall, or Xanax without a doctor’s prescription during the past 30 days. Desired direction for 7th graders. Undesired direction for 9th and 11th graders. We want to decrease the number of students whom used prescription drugs in a 30 day period. 2010 7th N= 28 9th N= 21 11th N= 32 County N= 53 2012 7th N= 37 9th N= 31 11th N= 42 County N= 73 2014 7th N= 10 9th N= 20 11th N= 27 County N= 47 2016 7th N= 6 9th N= 27 11th N= 40 County N= 67

7th N= 22 9th N= 30 11th N= 29 County N= 59 % of students who took painkillers such as Oxycontin, Codeine, Percocet, or Tylenol III without a doctor’s prescription during the past 30 days Undesired direction for 7th and 9th graders. Desired direction for 11th graders. – We want number of students whom taken painkillers in the past 30 days to decrease. 2010 7th N= 54 9th N= 35 11th N= 37 County N= 72 2012 7th N= 67 9th N= 50 11th N= 51 County N= 101 2014 7th N= 22 9th N= 30 11th N= 29 County N= 59 2016 7th N= 22 9th N=37 11th N= 30 County N= 67

Summary – Marijuana and Rx Drugs SUCCESSES Between 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016: Marijuana is not perceived as very easy to get compared to previous years. Student who have ever tried marijuana has decreased. Past 30 Day Use of Marijuana and Rx Drugs has decreased in 7th graders.

Summary – Marijuana and Rx Drugs CHALLENGES Between 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016: Marijuana is perceived to be less risky for all grades. Decrease in 7th grade students whom have ever tried Marijuna.

Suicide

7th N= 85 9th N= 183 11th N= 156 County N= 339 % of students who felt so sad or hopeless almost every day for two weeks or more in a row that they stopped doing some usual activities during the past 12 months Undesired direction in all grades. We want students with frequent sad or hopeless attitudes to increase usual activities within a 12 month period. N/A 2010 7th N= N/A 9th N= 131 11th N= 104 County N= 235 2012 7th N= 91 9th N= 161 11th N= 171 County N= 332 2014 7th N= 85 9th N= 183 11th N= 156 County N= 339 2016 7th N= 88 9th N= 195 11th N= 177 County N= 372

7th N= 57 9th N= 127 11th N= 94 County N= 221 % of students who ever seriously considered attempting suicide during the past 12 months Undesired direction in all grades. – We want number of students whom have ever seriously considered attempting suicide during a 12 month period to decrease. 2010 7th N= 37 9th N= 72 11th N= 50 County N= 122 2012 7th N= 76 9th N= 100 11th N= 76 County N= 176 2014 7th N= 57 9th N= 127 11th N= 94 County N= 221 2016 7th N= 69 9th N= 127 11th N= 110 County N=236

7th N= 45 9th N= 97 11th N= 77 County N= 174 % of students who ever made a plan about how they would attempt suicide during the past 12 months Undesired direction in all grades. _ We want number of students whoever made a plan about attempting suicide during a 12 month period to decrease. 2010 7th N= 21 9th N= 46 11th N= 31 County N= 77 2012 7th N= 61 9th N= 78 11th N= 64 County N= 142 2014 7th N= 45 9th N= 97 11th N= 77 County N= 174 2016 7th N= 44 9th N= 94 11th N= 87 County N= 181

7th N= 16 9th N= 42 11th N= 45 County N= 87 % of students who actually attempted suicide one or more times during the past 12 months Undesired direction for 7th and 9th graders. –We want number of students whom actually attempted suicide one or more times in a 12 month period to decrease. 2010 7th N= 11 9th N= 28 11th N= 22 County N= 50 2012 7th N= 33 9th N= 42 11th N= 28 County N= 70 2014 7th N= 16 9th N= 42 11th N= 45 County N= 87 2016 7th N= 22 9th N= 57 11th N= 7.7 County N= 96

7th N= 5 9th N= 9 11th N= 11 County N= 20 % of students whose suicide attempt resulted in an injury, poisoning, or overdose that had to be treated by a doctor or nurse during the past 12 months Undesired direction in all grades.- We want number of students whom suicide attempt resulted in injury, poisoning, or overdose in the last 12 moths to decrease. 2010 7th N= N/A 9th N= 13 11th N= 10 County N= 23 2012 7th N= 8 9th N= 14 11th N= 26 County N= 40 2014 7th N= 5 9th N= 9 11th N= 11 County N= 20 2016 7th N= 8 9th N= 17 11th N= 15 County N= 32

Summary - Suicide SUCCESSES Between 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016: The number of suicide attempts in a 12 month period has decreased in 11th graders in 2016.

Summary - Suicide CHALLENGES Between 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016: At middle and high schools in Barry County, students in higher grades report: More suicide attempts overall. Less plans on attempting suicide. Between 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016: The number of students with symptoms of depression has increased for all grades, but is similar across all grades. The number of students who have considered suicide has increased for all grades. The number of students who have made a plan to commit suicide has increased for all grades.

Overall Summary Middle and high school students in Barry County reported tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana are: Easier to obtain than other drugs. More accepted by peers. Less risky than other drugs. Between 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016 students of middle and high schools in Barry County report tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana: To be less acceptable. Perceived as more risky. Middle and high schools students in Barry County, in higher grades, report: More suicide attempts. Less plans on attempting suicide.

Overall Recommendations Despite the good news of improvement in the attitudes and behaviors related to alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana, these gateway drugs are still the drugs of choice for area teens. Thus, continued and sustained efforts addressing these drugs is needed. Because of the significant change in youth’s perceptions of the low risk of using marijuana and the Medical Marijuana laws in Michigan, a concerted effort to address youth attitudes and use is warranted. To get a more accurate understanding of youth perceptions and behaviors, “Listening Sessions” should be conducted at as many schools or community locations as possible.