“Royal Power Grows” Chapter 8, Section 1

Objectives Learn how monarchs gain power over nobles and the Church Understand how William the Conqueror and Henry II strengthened English power Analyze traditions of government that developed under King John Understand how strong monarchs unified France

Royal Soap Opera France: -Philip II vs. King John (England) -Louis IX vs. Muslims -Philip IV vs. Pope Boniface VIII Also appearing: Hugh Capet

Royal Soap Opera England -Harold vs. William of Normandy -Henry II vs. Thomas Beckett/Church -King John vs. -Pope Innocent III -King Philip II (France) -English Nobles Also appearing: King Henry I

Questions You will be divided into groups and given a section to answer questions. First: have one person read aloud the section in your book. Others follow along Second: answer the questions together as a group. Third: Present your information to the class

Philip II (France) Pays middle class to fill government positions Swear loyalty and allegiance to Philip II Takes Normandy and Anjou from King John II Fights Albigensians for Pope Gains southern France

Louis IX Heretics: 2 Crusades against Muslims people with religious beliefs contrary to the Church Jews, Muslims, etc. 2 Crusades against Muslims

Philip IV Collects new taxes Pope Boniface VIII opposes Arrest clergy who did not pay taxes Pope Boniface VIII opposes Philip IV attempts to seize Pope Boniface dies New pope is French Papal courts moves to Avignon, France

England’s Conflict King Edward dies Conflict: Leaves no heir to the throne Conflict: Harold vs. William of Normandy Battle of Hastings 1066 “William the Conqueror” and King of England

William the Conqueror Creates Domesday Book Census of every castle, field, and pigpen Allowed king to control his land Allowed for efficient tax collection

Henry II vs. Archbishop Thomas Becket Henry II establishes: Common law: legal system based on custom and court rulings Juries: group of men sworn to speak the truth

Henry II vs. Thomas Becket Henry II claims right to try clergy in royal courts Becket opposes the king 1170 murder Becket in Canterbury cathedral Called a ‘martyr’ and declared a saint

King John vs. (everyone) Pope Innocent III John rejects new archbishop Pope Innocent II excommunicate John Declares interdict on England England becomes fief of Church Pay yearly fee to Rome

King John vs. (everyone) English Nobles angered by: Oppressive taxes Abuse of power Magna Carta 1215 Nobles had certain rights Monarch must obey laws

More… Magna Carta -Due process of law May not be imprisoned without legal judgment of peers Habeas corpus No person can be held in prison without first charged with a crime Parliament Unifies England House of Lords House of Commons

Holy Roman Empire Conflicts Otto I Henry IV Frederick Barbarossa Frederick II

Otto I Charlemagne dies; kingdom dissolves into states 936: Duke Otto I (Saxon)=“King of Germany” Appoints bishops to top gov’t jobs Army to Italy to defeat rebelling nobles Successor are “holy roman emperors” Conflict: controlling vassals Appointing church officials

Henry IV vs. Gregory VII Conflict over LAY INVESTITURE: secular rulers elect bishops into gov’t positions Gregory VII bans lay investiture Henry IV is excommunicated Gregory VII forgives him, later Henry IV forces pope into exile

Henry IV vs Gregory VII Solution: Concordat of Worms 1122: Church has sole power to elect bishops with spiritual authority Secular rulers give them fiefs **Summarize: Pope decides WHO has power, the King decides WHERE

Frederick Barbarossa Struggle for Italy Goal: connected Italy from Baltic to Adriatic Conflict: wealthy nobles/princes in Northern Italy Solution: marriage between son and heiress to Sicily

Frederick II (the grandson) Grew up in Sicily/Southern Italy Attempts to connect Northern and Southern Italy Failed: conflict for years Outcome: Divided Germany Conflict between Southern Italy and Sicily causes tension between Italy and Spain