MORE! Chapter IX

Emperor Justinian

Empress Theodora

Expansion of Byzantines Former Territory Border Almost! Expansion of Byzantines

Until Islam shows up!

The Middle Ages

The Period of European History from the fall of the Roman Empire in the West (AD 476) to the fall of Constantinople in the East (AD 1453)

Roman Empire – AD 400

The Fall 476

Western Europe – AD 500 Byzantines (now)

With the Fall, What was GONE?

Civilization Out. Stupidity In Civilization Out... Stupidity In! With the Fall of Rome, what do people do?

Anglo- Saxons! Angles & Saxons Invade England Early Invasions . . . . . Anglo- Saxons! Early Invasions After Rome

Charles Martel “The Hammer” Stops Islam A.D. 732 Islam

Middle Ages – AD 800 (Charlemagne) Holy Roman Emperor & Holy Roman Empire

Early Viking Invasions

Viking Settlement

Something new happens: The Feudal System

Feudalism: The Re-Organization of Western Europe Feudalism: The Re-Organization of Western Europe! A Land-Use System where Peasants (Serfs) are tied to the Land

King Lord, lord, lord Nobles/Nobility Vassal (Got Land King Lord, lord, lord Nobles/Nobility Vassal (Got Land?) Fief (Land on Loan) Manor (Production)

Compare & Contrast European (Region 4) vs Compare & Contrast European (Region 4) vs. Japanese Feudalism (Region 3)

Japanese Feudalism Emperor, Shogun, Samurai

Compare/Contrast

Code of Chivalry (The way of the Knights) Duty to Lord, lord, & lady Bravery, Purity, blah, blah, blah Code of Bushido (The way of the Samurais) Duty to Emperor Honor, Bravery, blah, blah, blah

Compare the Church’s Social Pyramid

Church Power Grows Priests(Clergy) hold local communities together Monastery: Monks & Nuns - Self-sufficient communities - Beginning of Medicine & Education - Advances in Farming techniques The Pope: Grows in power with Canon Law = Church Law

1095  - The First Crusade Byzantine Emperor Alexius Comnenus requested help in defeating the Seljuk Turks. Pope Urban II called upon the Kings of Europe for an armed “pilgrimage” to recover Jerusalem from the Muslims. Among his goals was the strengthening of the Pope’s power by bringing the Greek Orthodox Church under papal authority. (Crusaders would get a “Sin Wash”)

Godfrey of Bouillon would lead the 1st Crusade & later founded the Knights Templar

7, 8, 12 More Crusades? Saladin (Muslim General)re-captures Jerusalem from Crusaders Richard the Lionheart (English King) tries to re-re-capture Jerusalem… gets a truce with Saladin: Christians can safely visit the Holy Land

Children’s Crusade (x 2?) One gathered thousands and marched to the sea – that would be parted… Another got a letter from Jesus, gathered thousands and marched to the sea to sail to Holy Land: sold as slaves

Legacy of the Crusades: Popes gain & Lose Power No real Winners… only Losers Lingering tension between Muslims & Christians

Heavily influenced by Byzantines Culture, Alphabet, & Religion

Middle Ages – AD 1500