Size – limitation for J-aggregates using confinement Conditions for perfect 2D J-aggregation by self-assembly and efficient FRET Not necessary Water (or other protic, polar solvents). Water is, however, the most favourable solvent in most cases Pre-formed crit. Jagg nuclei in solution Inherent molecular structure favouring J-aggregation Hours for final J-aggregate growth PAMAM, Dendrons etc. Mesopores or macropores Necessary Rigidized surfaces Size – limitation for J-aggregates using confinement Surface states allowing formation of crit. nuclei geometrically Cooperativity to eliminate defects by pi-interactions Adsorptive surface states for M,D (and crit. nuclei if already present) Charge interactions allowing molecules to approach such surface states Highly ordered surfaces to enable cooperative 2D-growth without defects Some seconds to minutes for diffusional growth of Jaggs from M and D

Potential Advantages of CSEM patent US 9238582 granted Jan 19, 2016 for backlight display panels vs. st.o.a. QDEF July 2017 Cheaper large-area production roll to roll More energy efficient 100 % re-emission Non toxic QD Cd-free feasible Brighter FRET enhancement 10 fold Higher contrast /color saturation less cross-talk between spectra Flexible panels thin transparent polyester films Ecological production aq. solutions, Silos Existing production technologies ink-jet functionalization Ecological and cheap disposal of waste no toxicity problems Mechanical robustness Encapsulation High storage stability (min. 5 years) Tested at R.T. Light-stability increases by factor 103 due to PVA, mesopores and FRET. CSEM devices show the highest light-stability of J-aggregates and QD in air ever observed. However, encapsulation to avoid oxygen and moisture is still necessary to ensure stability of such devices for lighting- and display applications as with all commercial QD devices where encapsulation is state of art…. Dots: 20 m diam.