Ionic Compounds

Ionic bond: bond formed by attraction between + and - ions Ionic Bonding Electrons are transferred from one atom to another so that each has 8 valence electrons - called the octet rule + Cation - Anion Ionic Compound Ionic bond: bond formed by attraction between + and - ions 2

Ionic Bonding Ionic bonds occur between metals and non-metals H He Li F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Uun Uuu Uub Uut Metals Metalloids Non-metals

The “magic number” is 8! 4

Binary Ionic Compounds Formula to Name

The Language of Chemistry Chemistry has a language all of its own Chemistry English Element Symbols Letters Chemical Formulas Words Chemical Equations Sentences Each element symbol starts with a capital letter

Binary Ionic: Formula to Name These compounds have: 2 elements (“binary”) A metal & a non-metal (“ionic”) To name: Name of the metal (the cation) Name of the non-metal (the anion) with the suffix “-ide” The subscripts in the formula do not matter when naming this type

Example CaBr2

Example K2O

Write the name for the following compounds Let’s Practice CaF2 Na3P NaI SrBr2 Example: Write the name for the following compounds

Write the name for the following compounds Let’s Practice CaF2 Na3P NaCl SrBr2 Calcium fluoride Sodium phosphide Sodium chloride Strontium bromide Example: Write the name for the following compounds

Binary Ionic Compounds Name to Formula

Binary Ionic: Name to Formula These compounds: End in “-ide” (except “hydroxide and cyanide”) Do NOT contain covalent prefixes To write: Draw Lewis dot diagrams of each element and transfer electrons. Use subscripts to show how many of each type of ion you have.

Example Sodium fluoride

Write the following chemical formulas Let’s Practice Cesium chloride Potassium oxide Calcium sulfide Lithium nitride Example: Write the following chemical formulas

Write the following chemical formulas Let’s Practice Cesium chloride Potassium oxide Calcium sulfide Lithium nitride CsCl K2O CaS Li3N Example: Write the following chemical formulas

Multivalent Ionic Compounds Formula to Name

Multivalent (Transition) Metals Multivalent Metal: a metal that has more than one possibility for cationic (positive) charge The Appendix of your book (Page A-2) has the following chart Common multivalent metals and their charges Cobalt Co+2 Co+3 Copper Cu+1 Cu+2 Iron Fe+2 Fe+3 Lead Pb+2 Pb+4 Manganese Mn+2 Mn+3 Mercury Hg2+2 Hg+2 Tin Sn+2 Sn+4 18

Multivalent Metals: Formula to Name To identify: Have a transition metal To name: Name of the metal cation Name of the anion Determine total negative charge in the compound Total negative charge must = total positive charge Determine the charge on each metal atom Write the charge in roman numerals in parenthesis after the metal’s name 19

Total negative charge in compound Total positive charge in compound Example Anion Total negative charge in compound Total positive charge in compound Cation Name CuCl2 20

Total negative charge in compound Total positive charge in compound Example Anion Total negative charge in compound Total positive charge in compound Cation Name Fe2O3 21

Write the name for the following compounds Let’s Practice PbCl2 PbCl4 MnO Mn2O7 Example: Write the name for the following compounds 22

Write the name for the following compounds Let’s Practice PbCl2 PbCl4 MnO Mn2O3 Lead (II) chloride Lead (IV) chloride Manganese (II) oxide Manganese (VII) oxide Example: Write the name for the following compounds 23

Multivalent Ionic Compounds Name to Formula

Multivalent Metals: Name to Formula To identify: Will have roman numerals To write: Same as binary! Roman numerals tell the charge of the metal cation 25

Example Iron (III) oxide 26

Example Copper (I) nitride 27

Write the following chemical formulas Let’s Practice Iron (II) nitride Copper (I) chloride Lead (IV) sulfide Tin (II) oxide Example: Write the following chemical formulas 28

Write the following chemical formulas Let’s Practice Iron (II) nitride Copper (I) chloride Lead (IV) sulfide Tin (II) oxide Fe3N2 CuCl PbS2 SnO Example: Write the following chemical formulas 29

Polyatomic Ionic Compounds

Polyatomic Ions Polyatomic Ion: a group of atoms that has lost or gained electrons. Therefore, it has a charge! Polyatomic Ionic Compound: compound containing at least one polyatomic ion - Polyatomic Anion Polyatomic Ionic Compound + Cation 31

Identifying Polyatomic Ions Only one cation: NH4+ All others are anions (second part of formula) Subscripts must match exactly as it appears on your list If there are parenthesis, the polyatomic ion is inside 32

Practice Identifying Polyatomic Ions NaNO3 NH4Cl Ca(OH)2 (NH4)3PO4 K2CO3 Example: Identify and name the polyatomic ion in each compound 33

Practice Identifying Polyatomic Ions NaNO3 NH4Cl Ca(OH)2 (NH4)3PO4 K2CO3 Nitrate Ammonium Hydroxide Ammonium & phosphate Carbonate Example: Identify and name the polyatomic ion in each compound 34

Polyatomic Ionic Compounds Name to Formula

Polyatomic Ionic: Name to Formula To identify: Do not end with “-ide” (except hydroxide & cyanide) Do not use covalent prefixes To write these formulas: Write the symbol & charge of the cation & anion Add additional cations or anions to have a neutral compound Use subscripts to show the number of ions - When using subscripts with a polyatomic ion, you must put the polyatomic ion in parenthesis. 36

Example Sodium carbonate 37

Example Magnesium nitrate 38

Write the following chemical formulas Let’s Practice Sodium nitrate Calcium chlorate Potassium sulfite Calcium hydroxide Example: Write the following chemical formulas 39

Write the following chemical formulas Let’s Practice Sodium nitrate Calcium chlorate Potassium sulfite Calcium hydroxide NaNO3 Ca(ClO3)2 K2SO3 Ca(OH)2 Example: Write the following chemical formulas 40

Polyatomic Ionic Compounds Formula to Name

Polyatomic Ionic: Formula to Name To identify: More than 2 capital letters (not starting with H) at least 1 metal & 1 non-metal To name: Name of the cation If the anion is a polyatomic ion, write the polyatomic ion’s name just as it is If the anion is a single non-metal element, use “-ide” 42

Example NaNO3 43

Example Fe(OH)2 44

Write the name for the following compounds Let’s Practice Ca(NO3)2 Na3PO4 NH4ClO K2CO3 Example: Write the name for the following compounds 45