GROUND-BASED SAOZ–UV-VIS NDACC

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Presentation transcript:

GROUND-BASED SAOZ–UV-VIS NDACC ORIGIN OF SATELLITES AND SAOZ/NDACC TOTAL OZONE DIFFERENCES IN THE TROPICS AT BAURU IN BRAZIL AND REUNION ISLAND J.-P. Pommereau(1), A. Frihi(1), F. Goutail(1), S. Bekki(1), A. Pazmino(1), C. Clerbaux(2), J. Hadji-Lazaro(2), A. Boynard(2), C. Lerot(3), M. Van Rozendael(3), T. Dackaert(3), P.F. Coheur(4), T. Portafaix(5) (1) LATMOS, CNRS, UVSQ, St Quentin, France (2) LATMOS, CNRS, UPMC, Paris, France, (3) BIRA-IASB, Brussels, Belgium, (4) ULB, Brussels, Belgium,(5) LACY, Univ. La Réunion, France TOTAL OZONE MEASUREMENTS SATELLITES overpasses above SAOZ stations GOME CCI (1996-2005), GOME2 CCI (2007-12), SCIAMACHY (2002-12), TOMS (1995-2005), NPP (2012-15), SBUV (1995-15), OMI-TOMS (2005-16), OMI-DOAS (2005-16), IASI (2007-14) GROUND-BASED SAOZ–UV-VIS NDACC REUNION Island (21°S, 55°E) and BAURU Brazil (22°S, 49W) Zenith sky at twilight 86-91° SZA, Visible Chappuis bands Version 2 retrieval following NDACC WG recom Daily Air Mass Factors from TOMS V8 ozone profiles climatology Data cleaned for thick clouds and rainfall from SAOZ O4 and H2O INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY 1996 2016 13 MONTHS RUNNING MEAN SBUV SAOZ Very similar variations in the two independent measurements Difference of opposite sign (SBUV TOC larger in Reunion, the opposite on SAOZ TOC) Increasing difference between Bauru and Reunion on SAOZ but absent on SBUV TROPOSPHERIC OZONE IN BAURU and REUNION from RS, SHADOZ, MOZAIC and Lidar in REUNION and BAURU OZONE PROFILES MOL/CM3 INTEGRATED PROFILES (DU) REUNION BAURU REUNION: biomass burning export from Austral Africa Max O3 between 3-8 KM in Sep-Nov BAURU: Local O3 biomass burning production below 3 km in Aug-Nov OZONE-Pause Tropopause at 16 km in Bauru and 13 km in Reunion 30% (15 DU) smaller Tropospheric column in BAURU Excellent agreement between OMI MLS and integrated profiles TOC % DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BAURU AND REUNION SEEN BY SBUV AND SAOZ Similarity of high frequency SAOZ and Satellites TOC measurements REAL TOC VARIATIONS, HIGH PRECISION Mean SAOZ 1%TOC increase between 2005-15 not seen by SBUV and other SAT CONSEQUENCES ON SATELLITES AND SAOZ TOC Satellites TOC larger in Reunion SAOZ TOC Stratosphere only, no difference between Bauru and Reunion Both near InterTropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in summer But BAURU continental and REUNION oceanic SAOZ TOTAL OZONE 1995-2015 BAURU REUNION Satellite and SAOZ Avg Kernels SAOZ not sensitive to tropospheric ozone SUMMARY OF FINDINGS Large agreement between Satellites Bauru and Reunion TOC in 1995-2015 (although some small satellite dependent biases in Reunion) Excellent correlation between high frequency Satellites and SAOZ TOC variations REUNION SBUV TOC 10DU larger than BAURU TOC. The opposite on SAOZ III. IMPACT OF OZONE PROFILE CHANGES Ozone profiles TOMSV8 climatology at 15° and 25°S used in SAOZ Air Mass Factor calculation Hendrick et al. 2011 Seasonality 30-40 DU, Oct max, QBO SAOZ TOC little larger in BAURU Increasing difference after 2004 DISCUSSION ORIGIN OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AND SATELLITES AND BETWEEN BAURU AND REUNION SATELLITE-SAOZ MONTHLY MEAN % DIFFERENCE Limited biases <1% between most satellites, except IASI 3, OMID -2% Sharp negative peaks in summer (larger on SBUV and OMIT) 2% mean seasonnality, smaller on IASI 3%, OMID -2% Bias and Seasonality reduction after 2012 REUNION BAURU Similar biases between all satellites and SAOZ (IASI and NPP +1%) 2-3% Seasonality Biases reduction after 2004, even larger after 2014 Latitude and total ozone dependences I. CLOUD IMPACT ON SATELLITES OBSERVATIONS TOC varying between 240 and 280 DU in Bauru and 245 and 290 DU in Reunion Geographic latitude almost identical (21°S in Reunion, 22°S in Bauru) Northward shift of Bauru Equivalent Latitude (EqL) Bansi 11 Jan Dumile 3 Jan Bejisa Haliba 9 Mar Gelane 22 Feb Fanele 21 Jan Diwa 5 Mar Ernest 22 Mar Gaël 1 Fev Giovanna 13 Feb Hondo 28 Feb Sat-SAOZ before cloud top cleansing, Bias corrected Gamede 25 Feb Hurricanes in REUNION 1-2 episodes per year in Dec-Mar. Several hundred km diameter anvil at 16-18km for 3-5 day SAOZ data cleansed for high O4 and H2O Satellites: removal from cloud top or indices when available Tropospheric ozone replaced by zonal climatology Equivalent latitude (EqL) evolution since 1992 at 475K level (22 km) in Bauru and Reunion Bauru mean EqL of 15-17°S in winter and 25°S in summer Bauru EqL shift northward at an average rate of 1° per year Reunion EqL at 22°S in winter and 27-28°S in summer Reunion EqL shift southward at a rate of 0.5°/ year Development of deep convective clouds in the afternoon frequently overhooting up to 18-19 km CONSEQUENCES ON SAOZ AMF AND TOC SAOZ Air Mass Factors CONSEQUENCES Underestimation of ozone TOC in summer Generation of apparent SAT-SAOZ seasonnality SATELLITES AND SAOZ TOTAL OZONE SEASONALITY AND BIAS REUNION BAURU Seasonality 35 DU Smaller on IASI and NPP Seasonality 25 DU Smaller on IASI larger on SAOZ 2% mean amplitude Austral summer minimum OMID not significant GOME anomaly Lesser amplitude Summer min shifted to Oct-Nov II. TROPOSPHERIC OZONE OZONE PRODUCTION BY BIOMASS BURNING DURING THE DRY SEASON IN THE SOUTHERN TROPICS IN AUG-NOV MODIS Fires Counts Climatology Yamasoe et al., Tellus B 2015 OMI MLS Tropospheric Ozone Ziemke et al. ACP, 2011 AMF increase by 1.6% on average at all seasons since 2004 in Bauru Apparent 4 DU TOC increase consistent with Satellite SAOZ difference CONCLUSIONS Difference between Satellites and SAOZ of similar shape with all satellites but of variable amplitude Seasonality could be coming from ignorance of seasonal change of equivalent latitude in AMF calculations Perturbations of satellite measurements by hurricanes high clouds not properly identified in IASI, OMI-T, OMI-CCI, NPP, SCIA, GOME2 Slow increase of Reunion Island Equivalent Latitude PERSPECTIVE Improved detection and correction of very high clouds in satellite data Improved Air Mass Factor calculations The authors thank the SAOZ stations operators. The SAOZ network is part of NDACC (Network for detection of Atmospheric Compostion Change). The authors thank gratefully Cathy Boone at French « ESPRI Data Center » (former ETHER) for providing ECMWF operational and re-analysis data (ERA-Interim) Satellites data sets are found on : http://avdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/satellite/Aura/OMI/V03/L2OVP/ for OMI-T and for OMI-D; ftp://toms.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/sbuv/MERGED/ for SBUV r5.v8 ftp://toms.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/omps_tc/overpass/ for NPP. MOZAIC Ozone tropospheric profiles are on http://www.iagos.fr/web/