Teknik Kendaraan Ringan LUBRICATION SYSTEMS Teknik Kendaraan Ringan Semester 3th Class XI Kompetensi Kejuruan SK-KD 6.1TH

DIAGRAM ALUR PENCAPAIAN KOMPETENSI

Friction Resistance to motion between two or more objects (will be on lubrication test) Causes mechanical energy to be transferred to heat energy TEKNOLOGI DAN REKAYASA

Friction Classifications Static friction (friction at rest) Between two or more objects that don’t move to each other (much greater than kinetic) Examples? Dry Friction Between two dry objects Examples Greasy Friction Between two wet objects Viscous Friction Between two layers of liquid TEKNOLOGI DAN REKAYASA

Where does oil come from? It is refined from crude oil pumped out of the ground Crude oil is also used to make many different products including gasoline TEKNOLOGI DAN REKAYASA

Four Purposes of using oil 1. Reduces friction (lubricate) Keeps metal from touching metal which quiets engine noise and reduces wear Absorbs shock Crankshaft or Camshaft Journal TEKNOLOGI DAN REKAYASA

Four Purposes of using oil 2. Cools Removes heat from internal engine parts TEKNOLOGI DAN REKAYASA

Four Purposes of using oil 3. Cleans Has detergent additive for cleaning TEKNOLOGI DAN REKAYASA

Four Purposes of using oil 4. Seals Fills in microscopic imperfections TEKNOLOGI DAN REKAYASA

OIL VISCOSITY VISCOSITY Ability of a liquid to flow High Viscosity = slow flow Low Viscosity = faster flow What Affect does temperature have on viscosity? More heat (hotter) lowers oil viscosity Too much heat thins out too much (metal to metal) Less heat (colder) raises oil viscosity Oil too cold won’t flow to necessary parts Engine manufactures determine NEEDED oil viscosity for their engines at different operating temperatures We will look at the different owners manuals that you bring in to see what their recommendations are TEKNOLOGI DAN REKAYASA

SAE Society of Automotive Engineers Started rating oil viscosity in 1911 to give a standard Do many more things that standardize automobiles TEKNOLOGI DAN REKAYASA

SAE Viscosity Test TEKNOLOGI DAN REKAYASA

SAE The winter test, at 0oF, is given a number that represents how fast it flows followed by a “W” SAE 0W SAE 5W SAE 10W SAE 15W SAE 20W Thinnest Thickest TEKNOLOGI DAN REKAYASA

SAE The summer test, at 210oF, is just given a number that represents how fast it flows SAE 20 SAE 30 SAE 40 SAE 50 SAE 60 Thinnest Thickest TEKNOLOGI DAN REKAYASA

Oil Service Rating The service rating of oil tells us the oil has the additives in the oil that the manufacture accepts Rated by the “American Petroleum Institute” API Gasoline Powered S for Spark Ignited SA Straight Mineral Oil SB Anti scuff & oxidant inhibitors SC 1964 - 1967 SD 1968 - 1971 SE 1972 - 1979 SF 1980 - 1988 SG 1989 - 1993 SH 1993 - 1998 SJ 1998 - Diesel Powered C for Compression Ignited or Commercial CA CB CC 1961 CD CE 1983 turbo/super charged CF 1995 CG 0% Additives 25% Additives ALL ARE BACKWARDS COMPATIBLE 1 TEKNOLOGI DAN REKAYASA

Oil Additives that make the differences in the API rating Antiwear Agents Detergent Dispersants Oxidation Inhibitors Rust and Corrosion Inhibitors Viscosity Improvers Foam Inhibitors Pour-Point Depressors Friction Modifiers TEKNOLOGI DAN REKAYASA

Synthetic Oil Made from man made molecules in a lab Greater resistance to corrosion Flows freely down to extreme temperatures Less break down at high temperatures Greater resistance to thickening and evaporation Cost is about four times as much TEKNOLOGI DAN REKAYASA

Synthetic Blends Approximately half synthetic and half from crude oil Cost about two times mineral oil Get some of the advantages of synthetic TEKNOLOGI DAN REKAYASA

2.Pressure 1.Splash Lubricating Systems There are two types of systems TEKNOLOGI DAN REKAYASA

Dippers TEKNOLOGI DAN REKAYASA

Slingers TEKNOLOGI DAN REKAYASA

Pressure Lubrication Wet Sump – used on most applications Dry Sump – used on race engines and where space is a problem Uses a pump to push oil through passages in engine called oil galleries Automotive Oil Pumps TEKNOLOGI DAN REKAYASA

Automotive Oil Pumps TEKNOLOGI DAN REKAYASA

Wet sump pressurized oil lubrication Oil level? Oil pan Oil pump and pickup tube TEKNOLOGI DAN REKAYASA

Cross Drilled Crankshaft TEKNOLOGI DAN REKAYASA

OIL LUBRICATION LINE TEKNOLOGI DAN REKAYASA

Oil Filters TEKNOLOGI DAN REKAYASA

Oil Filters (surface filter) (depth filter) Pleated paper type Media type (depth filter) TEKNOLOGI DAN REKAYASA

Full Flow Filters Filter bypass valve Pressure relief valve If filter gets plugged Pressure relief valve Protects against Excessive pressure (usually around 40-60 psi) TEKNOLOGI DAN REKAYASA

Bypass Filters Pressure relief valve Not as effective as Flow Flow type Pressure relief valve TEKNOLOGI DAN REKAYASA

Checking Oil Level Most accurate if on level surface The best time to check is before starting cold If running, shut off and let set for a couple of minutes Find dipstick remove and wipe off Make sure no dirt falls in dipstick hole Reinsert dipstick all the way in, remove and look at where oil level is on stick Should be between “Full” and “Add” On automobiles and trucks, “Add” is usually 1 quart low TEKNOLOGI DAN REKAYASA

Checking Oil Full Add Dip stick TEKNOLOGI DAN REKAYASA

Adding Oil TEKNOLOGI DAN REKAYASA

Draining Oil Cars and Trucks TEKNOLOGI DAN REKAYASA

Removing Oil Filter TEKNOLOGI DAN REKAYASA

TEAM 21 “Toyota Technician”, Toyota Astra Motor www.carrersnet.com BIBLIOGRAPHY: TEAM 21 “Toyota Technician”, Toyota Astra Motor www.carrersnet.com TEKNOLOGI DAN REKAYASA