Recent LHC Results & Implications for New Physics Models John Ellis King’s College London & CERN

Why do Things Weigh? Where do the masses come from ? Newton: Weight proportional to Mass Einstein: Energy related to Mass Neither explained origin of Mass Where do the masses come from ? Are masses due to Higgs boson? (the physicists’Holy Grail)

2011: Combining Information from Previous Direct Searches and Indirect Data mH = 125 ± 10 GeV Gfitter collaboration

Higgs Production at the LHC A la recherche du Higgs perdu … Higgs Production at the LHC Many production modes measurable if Mh ~ 125 GeV

Higgs Decay Branching Ratios Couplings proportional to masses (?) Important couplings through loops: gluon + gluon → Higgs → γγ Many decay modes measurable if Mh ~ 125 GeV

Has the Higgs been Excluded? Interesting hints around Mh = 125 GeV ? ATLAS excludes < 122.5, > 129, < 539 GeV CMS excludes > 127.5, < 600 GeV

Has the Higgs been Discovered? Interesting hints around Mh = 125 GeV ? CMS prefers < 125 GeV ATLAS prefers > 125 GeV

Unofficial Combination of Higgs Search Data from March 7th Is this the Higgs Boson? No Higgs here! No Higgs here!

Be careful what you wish for!

The Particle Higgsaw Puzzle Is LHC finding the missing piece? Is it the right shape? Is it the right size?

Does the ‘Higgs’ have Spin Zero ? Decays into γγ, so cannot have spin 1 Spin 0 or 2? If it decays into ττ or b-bar: spin 0 or 1 or orbital angular momentum Can diagnose spin via angular distribution of γγ angular correlations of leptons in WW, ZZ decays Does selection of WW events mean spin 0?

Does the ‘Higgs’ have Spin Zero ? Polar angle distribution: X2 γγ (flat for X0) Azimuthal angle distribution: X0 WW (flat for X2) JE, Hwang: arXiv:1202.6660

Does the ‘Higgs’ have Spin Zero ? Polar angle distribution for X2 W+W- Polar angle distribution for X0 W+W- (for φ = π) JE, Hwang: arXiv:1202.6660

Measuring Higgs Couplings @ LHC Current LHC hint @ Mh = 125 GeV

Flavour-Changing Couplings? Upper limits from FCNC, EDMs, … Quark FCNC bounds exclude observability of quark-flavour-violating h decays Lepton-flavour-violating h decays could be large: BR(τμ) or BR(τe) could be O(10)% B BR(μe) must be < 2 ✕ 10-5 Blankenburg, JE, Isidori: arXiv:1202.5704

There must be New Physics Beyond the Standard Model viXra Blogger’s Combination of March 7th Data Precision Electroweak data?? Higgs coupling blows up!! Higgs potential collapses Higgs coupling less than in Standard Model

Elementary Higgs or Composite? Higgs field: <0|H|0> ≠ 0 Quantum loop problems Fermion-antifermion condensate Just like QCD, BCS superconductivity Top-antitop condensate? needed mt > 200 GeV Cutoff Λ = 10 TeV New technicolour force? Heavy scalar resonance? Inconsistent with precision electroweak data? Cut-off Λ ~ 1 TeV with Supersymmetry?

Interpolating Models Combination of Higgs boson and vector ρ Two main parameters: mρ and coupling gρ Equivalently ratio weak/strong scale: gρ / mρ Grojean, Giudice, Pomarol, Rattazzi

General Analysis of ‘unHiggs’ Models Parameterization of effective Lagrangian: Fits a ≠ c Azatov, Contino, Galloway: arXiv:1202.3415 Espinosa, Grojean, Muhlleitner, Trott: arXiv:1202.3697

Global Analysis of ‘UnHiggs’ Models Rescale couplings: to bosons by a, to fermions by c Standard Model: a = c = 1 CMS JE & Tevong You, arXiv:1204.0464

Global Analysis of ‘UnHiggs’ Models Rescale couplings: to bosons by a, to fermions by c Standard Model: a = c = 1 ATLAS JE & Tevong You, arXiv:1204.0464

Global Analysis of ‘UnHiggs’ Models Rescale couplings: to bosons by a, to fermions by c Standard Model: a = c = 1 CDF/D0 JE & Tevong You, arXiv:1204.0464

Combination of LHC & Tevatron Rescale couplings: to bosons by a, to fermions by c Standard Model: a = c = 1 Global JE & Tevong You, arXiv:1204.0464

Combination of LHC & Tevatron Using signal strengths, not mass measurements Likelihood in Standard Model as function of Mh Preference for Mh < 125 GeV, driven by W+W- Global JE & Tevong You

Theoretical Constraints on Higgs Mass Large Mh → large self-coupling → blow up at low-energy scale Λ due to renormalization Small: renormalization due to t quark drives quartic coupling < 0 at some scale Λ → vacuum unstable Vacuum could be stabilized by Supersymmetry LHC 95% exclusion Espinosa, JE, Giudice, Hoecker, Riotto, arXiv0906.0954

Minimal Supersymmetric Extension of Standard Model (MSSM) Particles + spartners 2 Higgs doublets, coupling μ, ratio of v.e.v.’s = tan β Unknown supersymmetry-breaking parameters: Scalar masses m0, gaugino masses m1/2, trilinear soft couplings Aλ, bilinear soft coupling Bμ Often assume universality: Single m0, single m1/2, single Aλ, Bμ: not string? Called constrained MSSM = CMSSM

Non-Universal Scalar Masses? Different sfermions with same quantum #s? e.g., d, s squarks? disfavoured by upper limits on flavour- changing neutral interactions Squarks with different #s, squarks and sleptons? disfavoured in various GUT models e.g., dR = eL, dL = uL = uR = eR in SU(5), all in SO(10) Non-universal susy-breaking masses for Higgses? No reason why not! NUHM

Possible Nature of LSP No strong or electromagnetic interactions Otherwise would bind to matter Detectable as anomalous heavy nucleus Possible weakly-interacting scandidates Sneutrino (Excluded by LEP, direct searches) Lightest neutralino χ (partner of Z, H, γ) Gravitino (nightmare for astrophysical detection)

Data Electroweak precision observables Flavour physics observables gμ - 2 Higgs mass Dark matter LHC MasterCode: O.Buchmueller, JE et al.

Searches with ~ 5/fb @ 7 TeV Jets + missing energy search within CMSSM Extensions to other models needs more experimental information, fast simulation tools 30

PYTHIA + Delphes Validation Use ‘best’ ATLAS analysis @ each point in parameter space Reproduces CL along 95% line in (m0, m1/2) plane Justifies simple extrapolation to other values of (m0, m1/2)

PYTHIA + Delphes Validation CL ~ independent of tan β CL ~ independent of A0

Limits on Heavy MSSM Higgses

Flavour Physics Observables Inclusion requires additional hypotheses E.g., minimal flavour violation Many anomalies reported e.g., top production asymmetry, dimuon asymmetry, Bs J/ψ φ, BD(*)τν, isospin asymmetry in BK(*)μμ Difficult to interpret in SUSY Big advances in Bs μ+μ- Valuable constraint on SUSY models

Latest News on Bs  μ+μ- Upper limit ~ 4.5×10-9 nearing Standard Model In SM, comparison of theory with experiment needs ~ 9% correction because of Bs mixing

XENON100 & other Experiments Aprile et al: arXiv:1104.2549 36

Quo Vadis gμ - 2? Strong discrepancy between BNL experiment and e+e- data: now ~ 3.6 σ Better agreement between e+e- experiments Increased discrepancy between BNL experiment and τ decay data now ~ 2.4 σ Convergence between e+e- experiments and τ decay SUSY interpretation in tension with LHC 37

Tools do not always agree … Dark matter Density in Region of Multiple coannihilations SSARD 2.76E-09 2.74E-09 5.03E-09 4.14E-09 Bsμ+ μ- @ large tan β Third opinion

Favoured values of Mh ~ 119 GeV: Higgs mass χ2 price to pay if Mh = 125 GeV is ~ 2 Buchmueller, JE et al: arXiv:1112.3564 Favoured values of Mh ~ 119 GeV: Range consistent with evidence from LHC !

p-value of CMSSM ~ 9%, NUHM1 ~ 11% 5 Coannihilation, funnel regions less disfavoured 68% & 95% CL contours --- 1/fb ___ 5/fb Focus-point region more disfavoured CMSSM NUHM1 Over 100 Over 200 Buchmueller, JE et al: to appear p-value of CMSSM ~ 9%, NUHM1 ~ 11%

Favoured values of gluino mass significantly 5 --- 1/fb ___ 5/fb Gluino mass CMSSM NUHM1 Buchmueller, JE et al: to appear Favoured values of gluino mass significantly above pre-LHC, > 1.5 TeV

Favoured values of squark mass significantly 5 --- 1/fb ___ 5/fb Squark mass CMSSM NUHM1 Buchmueller, JE et al: to appear Favoured values of squark mass significantly above pre-LHC, > 1.5 TeV

Les Houches Recommendations for the Presentation of LHC Results Guiding Principles: What has been observed should be clear to a non-collaboration colleague. How it has been observed should be clear to a non-collaboration colleague. An interested non-collaboration colleague should be able to use and (re-)interpret results without the need to take up the time of collaboration insiders. Searches for New Physics: S. Kraml et al., arXiv:1203.2489

Searches for New Physics: S. Kraml et al., arXiv:1203.2489 Recommendations … The community should identify, develop and adopt a common platform to store analysis databases, collecting object definitions, cuts, … Provide … efficiency maps … The community should take responsibility for providing, validating and maintaining a simplified simulation code for public use, reproducing the basic response of the LHC detectors. … Provide the final likelihood function Searches for New Physics: S. Kraml et al., arXiv:1203.2489

The Story so far in 2012

Conversation with Mrs Thatcher: 1982 What do you do? Wouldn’t it be better if they found what you predicted? Think of things for the experiments to look for, and hope they find something different Then we would not learn anything!