OF WHAT IS NOW REFERRED TO AS THE UNITED STATES NATIVE PEOPLES OF WHAT IS NOW REFERRED TO AS THE UNITED STATES

Who is native american? https://www.muralsyourway.com/p/antique-world-map-mural/

Native americans: A person who is one of the original inhabitants of the “Americas” by familial lineage Increasingly used to designate the original inhabitants of the contiguous U.S., specifically; that is, not Native Alaskans or Native Hawaiians

Sitting Bull, Hunkpapa Lakota Iconic images… Sitting Bull, Hunkpapa Lakota First Scalp for Custer http://www.history.com/news/10-things-you-may-not-know-about-sitting-bull https://collections.centefirst_scalp_for_custerrofthewest.org/view/?offset=20&maxOffset=35&exhibit=114

Homes on the Dine Reservation Devon Mihesuah, Choctaw Scholar Vs. reality Homes on the Dine Reservation Devon Mihesuah, Choctaw Scholar http://www.aihd.ku.edu/ http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow/2017/01/02/mismanagement-funds-navajo-housing

Additional terminology American Indian- used in reference only to the original inhabitants of the U.S., but is becoming outdated Native Indian- used by Native Americans themselves, as a recuperation of what was initially a misnomer

Who is aboriginal? https://theculturetrip.com/pacific/australia/articles/8-must-visit-aboriginal-art-galleries-in-sydney/

Used less frequently to reference the original inhabitants of the U.S. Aboriginal peoples Used to reference the original inhabitants of Canada, New Zealand, and Australia Used less frequently to reference the original inhabitants of the U.S. http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/01/14/1073877902433.html

Used to reference the original inhabitants of Canada FIRST NATIONS Used to reference the original inhabitants of Canada This designation includes the Metis, Blackfoot, Cree, Iriquois, and Anishinaabe http://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/trudeau-bellegarde-to-discuss-first-nations-issues-1.2803417

indigenous The original inhabitants of a particular region; Indigenous peoples are all over the world http://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/peruvian-tapestry.html

Other terms to note People/Person of Color Women/Men of Color Always preferable to refer to a Native person by their tribal affiliation Native Cultures* Color*d Person Chrystos is Menominee vs. Chrystos is Native American There is not one, but many, Native cultures

But they’ve all vanished Right?

Wrong. Today, there are over 550 Federally Recognized Native Nations in the United States, with hundreds of non-recognized communities There are over 250 distinct and diverse indigenous languages being spoken today in the United States

So how many are there? As we will discover, pinpointing an estimate of those who identify as Native American is a task fraught with a number of different obstacles However, according to the U.S. Census Bureau (2010), roughly 5 million people, or 1.7% of the total U.S. population claimed either partial or total Native American or Alaska Native ancestry By 1650 the Native population was roughly 6 million. Some scholars estimate that as many as 112 million indigenous peoples inhabited the Americas pre-contact; others say it was as low as 8 million. For more information, see: Ostler, Jeffrey. “Genocide and American Indian History.” Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History. 2015-03-02. Oxford University Press.

Land dispossession http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_vault/2014/06/17/interactive_map_loss_of_indian_land.html

Anthro. “cultural regions” California: Ohlone, Chumash, Pomo Northwest: Tlingit, Haida Great Basin: Paiute, Shoshone Great Plains: Omaha, Ponca, Sioux Southwest: Hopi, Dine Southeast: Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw

Language map https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Langs_N.Amer.png

Internal diversity Mississippi Choctaws; 10,000 members Farmers; corn, beans, squash, fruit, deer, fish, bear, nuts Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma; forcibly relocated to “Indian Territory” during Trail of Tears in 1830s Jena Band of Choctaws, in Louisiana Resisted removal along with Mississippi Choctaws 241 enrollees Dying reeds, basketmaking For more information, see: Akers, Donna. Culture and Customs of the Choctaw Indians. Greenwood Press, 2013.

Fact & Fancy https://indiancountrymedianetwork.com/culture/sports/dakota-man-exposes-vile-history-of-redskins/ http://www.plasticunderground.net/native_americans.htm

Fact & fancy http://photos.legendsofamerica.com/warsbattles/h40e19c2e#h40e19c2e https://eastdailyoffice.wordpress.com/2016/09/10/morning-prayer-11-9-16-seventeenth-sunday-after-pentecost/defend-the-sacred-standingrock/

Fact & fancy https://sites.hanover.edu/history/courses/excerpts/143pocahontas.html https://www.aoc.gov/art/historic-rotunda-paintings/baptism-pocahontas

Fact & fancy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eSjg4VM0-q0 https://wn.com/american_indian_movement

Fact & fancy http://www.gallerydirectart.com/ww-5221.html#.WZ8bkpN96CQ https://sarahasousa.com/2015/03/16/cherokee-slave-holders-and-a-poem/

Fact & fancy http://carlisleindian.dickinson.edu/images/indians-developing-good-farmers-crow-reservation http://kirbysattler.sattlerartprint.com/