turn in homework from p. 467 Get out your respiratory diagrams. Tuesday, February 21, 2017 turn in homework from p. 467 Get out your respiratory diagrams.

LEQ What are the parts of the respiratory passageway and the functions of each?

Respiratory System Notes Ch 13

Function Obtaining oxygen Removing carbon dioxide Transporting air into & out of lungs Filtering air help control temp. & water content of air Produce vocal sounds Sense of smell Regulate blood pH

respiration Process of gas exchange between atmosphere and cells Steps Ventilation Gas exchange between blood and air in lungs Gas transport in blood Gas exchange between blood and cells

Upper Respiratory tract Nose Nasal cavity Paranasal sinuses pharynx

Lower respiratory tract Larynx Trachea Bronchial tree lungs

breathing Movement of air in = inspiration or inhalation Movement of air out = expiration or exhalation Atmospheric pressure moves air into lungs Nerves stimulate the diaphragm to contract

Air volume & capacity Spirometry = measurement of air volumes Respiratory cycle = 1 inspiration plus following expiration Tidal volume = volume of air that enters or leaves during a single respiratory cycle; about 500 mL

Air volume & capacity Inspiratory reserve volume (complemental air) = extra volume that enters the lungs during forced inspiration; up to 3,000 mL

Air volume & capacity Expiratory reserve volume (supplemental air) = quantity of air expelled during forced expiration; about 1, 100 mL more than resting tidal volume Residual volume = amount of air that remains in lungs after forced expiration; about 1,200 mL

Respiratory capacities Found by combining 2 or more of the respiratory volumes Vital capacity =TV + IRV +ERV; max amount of air a person can exhale Functional residual capacity = ERV + RV; vol. of air left in lung after exhalation of tidal volume Total lung capacity = VC +RV; total volume of air that the lungs can hold

Respiratory center Groups of neurons in the brainstem that control inspiration and expiration Medullary rhythmicity area: cause diaphragm to contract or a forceful inhalation Pneumotaxic area: controls breathing rate

Factors affecting breathing Chemosensitive areas Peripheral chemoreceptors Inflation reflex

Gas Exchange Alveoli = microscopic air sacs that exchange gases between the air and blood Lined with simple squamous epithelium and capillaries Respiratory membrane = 2 layers of cells that separate air in alveoli from blood in a capillary; where gas exchange occurs

Gas transport O2 binds to hemoglobin in RBC’s to form oxyhemoglobin Hypoxia – O2 deficiency in blood CO2 is transport dissolved in plasma, bonded to hemoglobin as carbaminohemoglobin, or as a bicarbonate ion (CO2 + H2O  H2CO3)

Gas Exchange InfoGraphic due Monday InfoGraphic = visual representation of information