Volume 387, Issue 10022, Pages (March 2016)

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Volume 387, Issue 10022, Pages 957-967 (March 2016) Blood pressure lowering for prevention of cardiovascular disease and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis Dena Ettehad, MSc, Connor A Emdin, HBSc, Amit Kiran, PhD, Simon G Anderson, PhD, Thomas Callender, MB ChB, Jonathan Emberson, PhD, Prof John Chalmers, PhD, Prof Anthony Rodgers, PhD, Prof Kazem Rahimi, DM FRCP The Lancet Volume 387, Issue 10022, Pages 957-967 (March 2016) DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01225-8 Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Study selection The Lancet 2016 387, 957-967DOI: (10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01225-8) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Meta-regression plot Plot shows the percentage risk reduction in major cardiovascular events regressed against the difference in achieved systolic blood pressure between study treatment groups. The Lancet 2016 387, 957-967DOI: (10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01225-8) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Standardised effects of a 10 mm Hg reduction in systolic blood pressure RR=relative risk. The Lancet 2016 387, 957-967DOI: (10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01225-8) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Standardised effects of a 10 mm Hg reduction in systolic blood pressure stratified by blood pressure Blood pressure strata are baseline blood pressure values, not achieved blood pressure after treatment. RR=relative risk. The Lancet 2016 387, 957-967DOI: (10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01225-8) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Standardised effects of a 10 mm Hg reduction in systolic blood pressure stratified by history of cardiovascular disease Data are stratified by subgroups in which all (cardiovascular disease) or none (no cardiovascular disease) of the participants had a history of cardiovascular disease at baseline. A cardiovascular disease subgroup is not shown for renal failure because no trial that reported renal failure as an outcome reported an analysis stratified by the presence of cardiovascular disease. RR=relative risk. The Lancet 2016 387, 957-967DOI: (10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01225-8) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Non-standardised effects of reductions in systolic blood pressure stratified by class of blood pressure lowering drug ACE=angiotensin-converting enzyme. ARB=angiotensin receptor blockers. CCB=calcium channel blockers. RR=relative risk. The Lancet 2016 387, 957-967DOI: (10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01225-8) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions