Photosynthesis Senior Biology Photosynthesis overview Equation Chloroplast & Pigments Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration connection The Light Reaction The Light Independent Reaction/Calvin Cycle Essential RuBisCO

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Photosynthesis ___________________ Occurs in the leaves of plants in organelles called chloroplasts. See how videos are embedded into your lesson

Photosynthesis: An Overview Why? ______________ How? Who? Any organism which contains chlorophyll (plants, cyanobacteria, algae, etc.) Where? Prokaryotes (e.g. bacteria) – infolding of cell membrane Eukaryotes (e.g. plants) – chloroplasts

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Photosynthesis Occurs in the Chloroplast _____________________

Chloroplast Structure Inner membrane called the thylakoid membrane. Thickened regions called thylakoids. A stack of thylakoids is called a granum. (Plural – grana) _____________

Pigments Chlorophyll is the most important photosynthetic pigment present in plants. Other pigments are also present in the leaf. ____________

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Light Review Visible light comes in a spectrum from purple to red Different substances absorb different colours depending on the structure. Colours that the substance doesn’t absorb, it reflects. We see that reflection as the objects colour

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Chlorophyll a & b Is a pigment that absorbs blue and red light but reflects green. _____________ High absorption Low absorption/High reflection

How do plants capture light? Chlorophyll a and b molecules absorb photons (light packets) with blue-violet and red regions of the spectrum. They reflect the green regions

Carotenoids (other accessory pigments) Other accessory pigments (called carotenoids) also absorb light energy. _____________ _______________

Why do some leaves turn colours in the fall? There are three main pigments in plants; Chlorophyll (reflect green), Carotenoids (reflect orange/red), and Xanthophylls (reflect yellow/brown). As the most abundant pigment, __________________

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Why do some leaves turn colours in the fall? During winter, there is not enough light or water for photosynthesis. Therefore, the trees cut off the circulation of water, nutrients and sugar to the leaves and live off the food they stored during the summer. They begin to shut down their food-making factories. The green chlorophyll pigment disappears from the leaves leaving the other pigments behind. As the bright green fades away, we begin to see yellow and orange colors. Small amounts of these colors have been in the leaves all along __________________

Cellular Respiration Recall __________________ The organism uses released energy for all cellular activities

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Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration __________________

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration What is created in one reaction is used up in the other reaction! __________________

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The Photosynthesis Song Video has been removed

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration are Connected Photosynthesis vs. Respiration video Photosynthesis Respiration Song Videos have been removed

The Light Reaction and The Calvin Cycle Photosynthesis The Light Reaction and The Calvin Cycle

The Photosynthetic Equation 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy--> C6H12O6 + 6O2 But not that simple Involves 3 stages: __________________

Light Reaction 3 Stages Photoexcitation -> absorption of a photon ETC Chemiosmosis

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1) Photoexcitation Light is absorbed by chlorophyll or accessory pigments that are associated with proteins in clusters. These clusters = photosystems Two Photosystems 1) Photosystem I - chlorophyll a- called P700 2) Photosystem II- chlorophyll a- called P680

2) ETC - Photosystems __________________

Photosystem II Is composed of proteins and P680 chlorophyll a molecules (680 because it absorbs 680nm λ) Light strikes P680 and excites it (a)  P680* (it’s excited) __________________

Photosystem II The P680 Chlorophyll a molecule is now oxidized (missing an electron)- how does it get it back? __________________ + + + + - - - -

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